国民性改造是“五四”新文化运动时期的一股重要的思潮 ,陈独秀国民性改造思想在这股思潮中占据重要地位。为了更好地理解和把握这股思潮 ,本文试图从对国民劣根性表现的揭示、国民劣根性形成的原因、国民性改造途径等几个层面 ,对陈独秀国民性改造思想进行一些个案研究和分析 National reformation is an important trend of thought during the May Fourth New Culture Movement. Chen Duxiu’s thought of national character transformation occupies an important position in this trend of thought. In order to better understand and grasp this ideological trend, this article tries to do some case studies and analyzes on Chen Duxiu’s ideas of national character reform from several aspects, such as revealing the bad performance of the Chinese people, the reasons for the formation of the bad character of the people and the ways of nationality reform.