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目的开展常见病原微生物环境安全参考标准值研究,为高等级生物安全实验室(BSL)环境风险评估提供依据。方法以微生物危害度评估方法为基本原则,结合人体暴露剂量计算方法,提出人体经呼吸对病原微生物暴露的感染剂量的计算模型。在总结国内外常见病原微生物特性研究成果的基础上,通过模型计算,获得常见病原微生物环境安全临界值参考标准以及环境风险防护距离。结果提出常见高致病性病原微生物环境风险评价标准计算方法,研究得出SARS冠状病毒、高致病性禽流感病毒、结核分枝杆菌、炭疽芽孢杆菌、鼠疫耶尔森菌、土拉热弗朗西丝菌、流行性出血热病毒等7种常见病原微生物的最小感染剂量,以及不同环境风险对应的环境安全临界值。结论所提出的环境安全临界值可作为高等级BSL感染性气溶胶的环境风险评估参考标准,用于实验室风险控制与应急管理。
Objective To study the reference value of common environmental safety of pathogenic microorganisms and provide basis for environmental risk assessment of high-level biological safety laboratory (BSL). Methods Based on the principle of microbiological hazard assessment and combined with the calculation method of human exposure dose, a computational model of infectious dose of human exposure to pathogenic microorganisms was proposed. On the basis of summarizing the research results of common pathogenic microorganisms at home and abroad, through the model calculation, the reference standard of environmental safety threshold of common pathogenic microorganisms and the protection distance of environmental risk are obtained. Results The standard calculation method of environmental risk assessment of common pathogenic microorganisms was proposed. SARS coronavirus, HPAI virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Bacteria, epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus and other seven kinds of common pathogenic microorganisms minimum dose, and environmental risk corresponding to different environmental safety critical value. Conclusion The proposed environmental safety threshold can be used as a reference standard for environmental risk assessment of high-grade BSL infectious aerosols for laboratory risk control and emergency management.