1989~1990年,荷兰学者鲁文·兹瓦特提出了自己的翻译研究模式:比较模式和描写模式。比较模式即微观结构模式,在比较模式中,鲁文·兹瓦特主要研究翻译转移,并列出了三种翻译转移类型:调适、调整和变异。比较模式强调对译文和原文进行客观、全面和细致的比较与描写,特别就句子层面以下的语言微观变化树立较为科学的衡量标准。描写模式即宏观结构模式,适用于文学翻译研究。 From 1989 to 1990, the Dutch scholar Lu Wen Zwart put forward his own translation research mode: comparative mode and descriptive mode. In contrast, Ruben Zwart focuses on translational transfer and lists three types of translational transfer: adaptation, adjustment, and mutation. The comparative model emphasizes the objective, comprehensive and detailed comparison and description of the translation and the original text. In particular, it sets a more scientific measurement standard for the micro-changes in the language below the sentence level. Descriptive model is the macro structure model, suitable for literary translation studies.