一、莱布尼茨的认识论立场作为一个唯理论者,莱布尼茨的认识论立场与其前人——笛卡儿、斯宾诺莎是基本一致的,但又有重要区别。笛卡儿认为,真理的标准在于观念自身的“清楚明白”。他说:“凡是我们十分明白、十分清楚地设想到的东西,都是真的。”只有依靠理性演绎得来的知识才有普遍性,才是真理,而从感觉经验 I. Leibniz’s Epistemic Stand As a rationalist, Leibniz’s epistemological position is basically the same as that of his predecessors, Descartes and Spinoza, but there are important differences. Descartes believes that the standard of truth lies in the “clear understanding” of the ideas themselves. He said: “Everything that we fully understand and are very clearly envisioned is true.” Only knowledge that is derived from rational deduction is universal, truth, and experience from feeling