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说到电光源,人们最熟悉的要算白炽灯了.白炽灯使用方便,但存在着较大的缺点,白炽灯是根据热辐射原理制成的,在白炽灯丝的辐射中,只有少部分是可见光,极大部分在红外区域,因此,光效小,仅有13Lm/W左右.所以,用白炽灯照明,浪费了大量电能.为提高光效,在40年代初发明了荧光灯,因其光色接近日光又称日光灯.与白炽灯相比,日光灯光效有了很大提高,可达40Lm/W左右,节省了电能.各商场及公共场所率先采用日光灯照明,随之逐步进入家庭.要用日光灯照明,必须用镇流器.早期的电感镇流器功耗大,功率因素低,重量重,体积大,又有噪声,外加日光灯在50HZ的交流电源下工作,随着电压、电流的变化,日光灯的发光就有周期性的明暗变化,就会发生闪烁.这种闪烁虽然不易被人们觉察,但长期在日光灯下工作,眼睛容易疲劳,对视力不利.再加日光灯需专用灯具,使用也不太方便.尽管这样,与白炽灯相比日光灯也称得上是节能光源了.
When it comes to electric light sources, people are most familiar with incandescent lamps. Incandescent lamps are easy to use, but they have major drawbacks. Incandescent lamps are made on the principle of heat radiation. Only a small part of the incandescent filaments is irradiated. Visible light, a large part of the infrared region, therefore, the light effect is small, only about 13Lm / W. Therefore, the use of incandescent lighting, a lot of energy wasted. In order to improve light efficiency, in the early 40s invented a fluorescent lamp, because of its light Color close to sunlight, also known as fluorescent lamps. Compared with incandescent lamps, daylight lighting efficiency has been greatly improved, up to 40Lm / W or so, saving electricity. Shopping malls and public places take the lead in the use of fluorescent lighting, and gradually entered the family. With fluorescent lighting, ballasts must be used. Early inductance ballasts consume large power, low power factor, heavy weight, large volume, and noise, plus fluorescent lamps work under 50Hz AC power, with voltage and current. Changes, the fluorescent light has a periodical light and shade changes, it will flicker. Although this kind of flicker is not easy to be noticed by people, but long-term work under the fluorescent lamp, the eyes are easily fatigued, and is detrimental to vision. Plus fluorescent lamps need special lighting, use Not too convenient. In this way, fluorescent lamps are also called energy-saving light sources compared to incandescent lamps.