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目的:探讨黔南地区0~3岁布依族和苗族儿童肾脏发育状况及其影响因素,为少数民族儿童肾脏发育的研究提供依据。方法:选取2013年1月~2013年12月收集的1 360名儿童作为研究对象,按民族分为布依族组(668名)和苗族组(692名),两组按年龄均分为:1~6个月,6个月~1岁,1~2岁,2~3岁4个年龄组。分别进行问卷调查,测量两组各年龄段儿童身高、体重及超声检查肾脏体积,并对影响儿童肾脏生长发育的相关因素进行Logistic多元回归分析。结果:布依族组668名儿童中,肾积水4例(0.59%),肾发育不全3例(0.45%),多囊肾2例(0.29%),肾脏发育异常检出率为1.35%(9/668);苗族组692名,出现肾积水5例(0.72%),肾发育不全4例(0.58%),多囊肾4例(0.58%),肾脏发育异常检出率为1.87%(13/692);两组比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.61,P>0.05)。布依族组1~6个月、6个月~1岁、1~2岁和2~3岁年龄段身高、体重及体表面积分别与苗族组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。布依族组1~6个月和6个月~1岁年龄段左肾长径、左肾宽径、左肾前后径、左肾体积、右肾长径、右肾宽径、右肾前后径及右肾体积分别与苗族组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而布依族组1~2岁和2~3岁年龄段上述指标分别与苗族组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,年龄、民族、高蛋白类食物摄入量、乳制品食物摄入量等是影响两民族儿童肾脏生长发育的主要因素。结论:黔南地区布依族与苗族儿童肾脏体积存在一定的差别,原因可能是两民族儿童遗传体质、生活环境及营养条件不同所致。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status of kidney development and its influencing factors in Buyi and Miao children aged 0 ~ 3 years in Qiannan area and provide basis for the study of kidney development in ethnic minority children. Methods: A total of 1,360 children collected from January 2013 to December 2013 were selected as research objects and divided into Buyi group (668) and Miao group (692) by ethnicity. The two groups were divided into two groups according to their ages: 1 ~ 6 months, 6 months to 1 year old, 1 to 2 years old, 2 to 3 years old 4 age groups. A questionnaire survey was conducted to measure the height and weight of children in each age group and the size of the kidneys by ultrasonography. Logistic multiple regression analysis was performed on the factors that affect the growth and development of children’s kidneys. Results: Among 668 children in Buyi group, hydronephrosis was found in 4 cases (0.59%), renal dysplasia in 3 cases (0.45%), polycystic kidney disease in 2 cases (0.29%) and renal dysplasia in 1.38% 9/668), Miao group (692), hydronephrosis occurred in 5 cases (0.72%), renal dysplasia in 4 cases (0.58%), polycystic kidney disease in 4 cases (0.58%) and renal dysplasia in 1.87% (13/692). There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 0.61, P> 0.05). Buyi group 1 to 6 months, 6 months to 1 year old, 1 to 2 years and 2 to 3 years old height, body weight and body surface area respectively compared with the Miao group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01) . Buyi group 1 to 6 months and 6 months to 1 year old age left kidney diameter, left kidney diameter, left kidney anteroposterior diameter, left kidney volume, right kidney diameter, right kidney diameter, right kidney anteroposterior diameter (P> 0.05). However, in the Buyi group, the above indexes were statistically different from those in the Miao group in the age groups of 1 to 2 years and 2 to 3 years Significance (P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, ethnicity, high-protein food intake and dairy food intake were the main factors affecting the growth and development of the kidneys of the two ethnic groups. Conclusion: The kidney volume of Buyi and Miao children in Qiannan area may be different due to the differences of genetic constitution, living environment and nutritional conditions between the two ethnic groups.