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【目的】研究秸秆覆盖方式与覆盖量对冬小麦田土壤水分及冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响。【方法】在陕西渭北旱塬,通过连续2年(2007-2009)的不同秸秆覆盖方式(全程覆盖、生育期覆盖、不覆盖(CK)与不同覆盖量(9000,6000,3000kg/hm2)的大田试验,研究秸秆覆盖对土壤水分及冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】2年的定位试验结果表明,同一覆盖方式不同覆盖量处理的土壤含水量与覆盖量呈正相关;同一覆盖量不同覆盖方式下土壤含水量表现为全程覆盖优于生育期覆盖和CK;全程覆盖方式9000,6000和3000kg/hm2覆盖量处理0～200cm土层平均含水量较生育期覆盖分别提高了11.5%,10.0%和8.0%,较CK分别提高了19.2%,12.9%和8.8%;全程覆盖方式和生育期覆盖方式下,小麦的水分利用效率均以覆盖量为3000kg/hm2处理最大,其中全程覆盖方式的水分利用效率较CK增加了31.5%(P<0.05),生育期覆盖方式下2年平均的水分利用效率较CK增加了12.8%(P<0.05);不同覆盖量在全程覆盖方式下冬小麦产量较CK增加41.1%～65.7%(P<0.05),在生育期覆盖方式下冬小麦产量较CK增加了27.1%～30.2%(P<0.05)。【结论】同一秸秆覆盖方式不同覆盖量均可增加冬小麦产量,而同一覆盖量下以全程覆盖方式的增产效果较优;覆盖量为3000kg/hm2时,2种覆盖方式的冬小麦水分利用效率均最大。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of straw mulching and mulching on soil moisture and winter wheat yield and water use efficiency in winter wheat field. 【Method】 In the Weibei arid highland in Shaanxi Province, we studied the effects of different straw mulching methods (full coverage, growth period coverage, no coverage (CK) and different coverage (9000, 6000, 3000 kg / hm2) Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of straw mulching on soil moisture and winter wheat yield and water use efficiency. 【Result】 The result of 2 years’ location experiment showed that there was a positive correlation between the soil moisture content and the mulching volume under the same coverage. The results showed that the soil water content under different coverage modes was better than the growth coverage and CK during the whole process. The coverage of 9 000, 6000 and 3000 kg / hm2 coverage in the whole coverage mode increased by 11.5% , 10.0% and 8.0%, respectively, which were 19.2%, 12.9% and 8.8% higher than those of CK respectively. Under the condition of full coverage and growth period coverage, the water use efficiency of wheat was the highest with the coverage of 3000kg / hm2, WUE increased by 31.5% (P <0.05) and the average water use efficiency (WUE) increased by 12.8% (P <0.05) Yield Compared with CK, CK increased by 41.1% ~ 65.7% (P <0.05), and the yield of winter wheat increased by 27.1% ~ 30.2% (P <0.05) The yield of winter wheat was the best under the same coverage. The coverage of 3000kg / hm2 had the highest water use efficiency of winter wheat with two kinds of covering methods.