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采用大田试验方法,以自然生长状态的冬小麦为对照(CK),在藁城试验区和深州试验区研究了6种保水剂(BS-1、BS-2、BS-3、BS-4、BS-5、BS-6)对河北省冬小麦麦田棵间蒸发、生长发育、产量和水分利用的影响,筛选出2种节水增产效果较好的保水剂(BS-1和BS-4),在藁城试验区进行了进一步应用评价。结果表明,(1)保水剂可显著降低麦田棵间蒸发量。其中,BS-2和BS-4处理最为显著,其全生育期棵间蒸发量分别比对照平均减少30.0%和33.9%。(2)保水剂可促进小麦根系生长和发育。至开花期,保水剂处理平均次生根条数和根系干物质积累分别比对照高9.4%和1.5%。(3)保水剂可促进冬小麦地上部干物质积累,尤其是BS-4处理最明显。至完熟期,藁城和深州两试验区BS-4处理均最高,分别为1 910.4g/m2和1 821.7g/m2,分别比对照高10.3%和18.5%。(4)6种保水剂处理均可提高冬小麦产量、水分利用效率,降低耗水量。其中,BS-2和BS-4对产量促进最显著,分别比对照提高10.9%及10.3%。BS-1和BS-4处理耗水量较低,分别比对照降低10.0%和9.7%。6种保水剂处理水分利用效率平均比对照提高12.9%。(5)施用保水剂BS-1或BS-4,单次减少灌水量450m3/hm2时,可使产量与对照无显著差异。
Six kinds of water-retaining agents (BS-1, BS-2, BS-3, BS-4 and BS-4) were studied in Xiangcheng and Shenzhou experimental areas by using field experiments. BS-5 and BS-6) on the transpiration, growth, yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat field in Hebei Province. Two water-retaining agents (BS-1 and BS-4) In the Tancheng pilot area for further application evaluation. The results showed that (1) SAP could significantly reduce the amount of transpiration among wheat fields. Among them, the treatment of BS-2 and BS-4 was the most significant, and the evaporation during the whole growth period was reduced by 30.0% and 33.9% respectively on average. (2) Super absorbent polymers can promote root growth and development of wheat. To the flowering stage, the average secondary rooting number and root dry matter accumulation of SAP were 9.4% and 1.5% higher than the control respectively. (3) The super absorbent polymer can promote the accumulation of dry matter in aboveground part of winter wheat, especially the BS-4. By the end of maturity, the BS-4 treatments in Tancheng and Shenzhou were the highest at 1 910.4g / m2 and 1 821.7g / m2, respectively, which were 10.3% and 18.5% higher than the control respectively. (4) Six kinds of SAP can improve the yield of winter wheat, water use efficiency and reduce water consumption. Among them, BS-2 and BS-4 promoted the most significant yield increase by 10.9% and 10.3% respectively over the control. The water consumption of BS-1 and BS-4 was lower than that of the control by 10.0% and 9.7% respectively. The average water use efficiency of six kinds of SAPs increased by 12.9% compared with the control. (5) The application of SAP-1 or BS-4 as water-retaining agent could reduce the yield by 450m3 / hm2 with no significant difference with the control.