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目的研究重庆市养老机构中老年人归属感、社会支持的现状,探讨在养老机构中开展老年小组工作提升老年人对养老机构组织归属感及依恋感的必要性。方法于2016年12月通过随机抽样的方法,选择重庆市某三家养老机构居住的100位老年人,对其进行归属感、领悟社会支持问卷调查,随后对其中部分老人开展小组工作,增加老年人之间的互动和交流。对归属感得分、社会支持得分进行t检验;对不同影响因素下归属感得分进行描述采用方差分析;对影响老年人归属感的各因素进行逐步回归分析,回归分析中,选入α=0.05,剔除α=0.01.以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果老年人归属感得分、家庭内支持得分、家庭外支持得分较低,老年人归属感得分在性别、最需要的养老需求上对比差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),性别、最需要的养老需求(医疗需求)、家庭内支持进入回归方程。结论男性在养老机构归属感比女性高,老年人医疗需求越多归属感越差,老年人获得的家庭内支持越少归属感越差,小组工作法可以提升老年人的归属感和社会支持水平。
Objective To study the status quo of the sense of belonging and social support of middle-aged and elderly people in the pension institutions in Chongqing and to explore the necessity of carrying out the work of the elderly groups in the elderly institutions and raising the sense of belonging and attachment of the elderly to the old-age institutions. Methods In December 2016, 100 elderly people living in one of the three pension institutions in Chongqing were selected by means of random sampling. Their sense of belonging and comprehension of social support questionnaire were investigated. Subsequently, part of their work was carried out for the elderly and the elderly were added The interaction and exchange between. T test was carried out on the scores of belongingness and social support scores; the scores of belongingness under different factors were analyzed by analysis of variance; the factors influencing the sense of belonging of the elderly were analyzed by stepwise regression analysis. In the regression analysis, α = 0.05 was selected, Excluding α = 0.01. P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The scores of affiliation, family support scores, out-of-home support scores were lower in the elderly than those in the elderly. The differences in the gender and the need of the elderly were statistically significant (P <0.05) Need for pension needs (medical needs), family support to enter the regression equation. Conclusions The higher the sense of belonging of men in pension institutions is, the worse their sense of belonging is. The less family support they receive, the worse their sense of belonging is. The group work method can enhance the sense of belonging and social support of the elderly .