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采用热弹塑性有限元方法 ,对平板对接接头中焊缝金属强度组配对焊接残余应力分布的影响进行了研究。结果表明 ,对于高组配接头 ,纵向残余应力的峰值接近焊缝金属的屈服极限 ,出现在焊缝中心。对于低组配接头 ,纵向残余应力的峰值接近母材的屈服极限 ,并发生在焊缝附近。随着对含有残余应力的接头施加外载 ,焊缝金属强度组配对纵向应力分布的影响依然存在 ,但残余应力的影响在减小。对承受外载的焊接接头 ,逐步卸除外载后 ,焊缝横截面上的残余应力将趋于降低 ,其分布呈现均衡。
The effect of the weld metal residual stress distribution on the weld metal strength in flat butt joint was studied by using the thermo-elasto-plastic finite element method. The results show that the peak longitudinal stress in the longitudinal direction is close to the yield limit of the weld metal in the center of the weld. For low-profile fittings, the peak longitudinal residual stress approaches the yield point of the parent material and occurs near the weld. With the external load applied to joints containing residual stress, the influence of the metal strength of the weld pair on the longitudinal stress distribution still exists, but the influence of residual stress decreases. For welded joints subjected to external load, after gradual removal of external load, the residual stress on the cross-section of the weld will tend to decrease and the distribution is balanced.