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运用局部均衡模型分别从技术性贸易壁垒保护功能两重性即从基于经济利益的保护和基于市场失灵的保护两个角度,分析了技术性贸易壁垒对经济系统及其参与各方的影响。如果是基于经济利益,使用技术性贸易壁垒进行直接的产业保护,保护了本国生产者的利益,但由于消费品价格提高,损害了消费者的利益,降低了消费者的效用,给进口国带来明显的福利损失;如果是基于市场失灵的保护,出于消减除外部性目的的技术性贸易壁垒,从保护消费者利益角度看,可以提高社会福利;从生产者的角度看,虽然会造成一定的福利损失,却要优于禁止贸易时的状况。
The partial equilibrium model is used to analyze the impact of TBT on the economic system and its participating parties from the perspective of the duality of TBT protection function, that is, the protection based on economic interests and the protection based on market failure. If it is based on economic interests, the use of technical barriers to trade for direct industrial protection, to protect the interests of their own producers, but because of the rise in consumer prices, damage the interests of consumers, reducing consumer utility, bring obvious to importing countries Of the welfare loss; if it is based on the protection of market failure, for the purpose of reducing the technical barriers to trade in order to eliminate externalities, from the perspective of consumer protection interests, can improve social welfare; from the producer’s point of view, although it will cause some benefits Losses, but better than the ban on trade conditions.