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德国心理学家艾宾浩斯(1850—1909)首创记忆实验研究,描绘出著名的用以表明遗忘变量和时间变量之间关系的遗忘速度的曲线,揭示了遗忘进程先快后慢的规律性。后来,人们发现了教材的保持或遗忘和熟记的程度之间的正相关关系,并在此基础上建立了关于“过度学习”的理论。这一理论告诉我们;在教学中,应该要求学生把练习或训练“过度”,即超过刚能回忆的程度。这一理论对语文教学中的双基教学与训练,有着重要的指导意义。
The German psychologist Ebbinghaus (1850-1909) pioneered the experimental study of memory and delineated the notable curve of forgetting speed to show the relationship between amnesia variables and time variables, revealing the regularity that the amnesia process is fast and then slow . Later, people found a positive correlation between the retention or forgetfulness of textbooks and the degree of memorization, and on this basis established a theory of “over-learning.” This theory tells us that in teaching, students should be asked to “practice” or practice “excessive”, ie more than just can recall. This theory has an important guiding significance for the teaching and training of double bases in Chinese teaching.