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目的了解天津市居民蜱类防治技能及影响因素,为有效采取干预措施,更好地开展健康教育工作提供依据。方法采用单纯随机抽样方法,在天津市18个区(县)抽样调查360名≥15岁居民进行问卷调查。结果居民蜱类防治技能掌握率为61.7%(221/358);其中蜱类的防治方法掌握率最高为81.8%,蜱类的特点和习性掌握率最低为59.2%;个人防护措施和叮咬后处理方法掌握率分别为72.1%、76.3%;个人防护措施中穿浅色衣服(35.8%)、涂抹驱避剂(57.8%)掌握率较低;≤50岁和>50岁居民蜱类防治技能掌握率分别为64.9%(183/282)和50.0%(38/76),二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。受教育程度大专及以上、高中、初中及以下居民蜱类防治技能掌握率分别为73.6%(156/212)、50.0%(36/72)和39.2%(29/74),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);月收入<2000、2000～4000、>4000元的居民蜱类防治技能掌握率分别为38.5%(42/109)、71.4%(147/206)和74.4%(32/43),差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.01);logistic回归分析结果表明,职业和月均收入对居民蜱类防治技能水平的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论天津市居民蜱类防治技能的主要影响因素是职业和月均收入,应对高危行业员工和低收入居民加强健康教育,不断提高其防治技能水平。
Objective To understand the tick control skills and its influencing factors in Tianjin residents and to provide evidences for effective interventions and better health education. Methods A simple random sampling method was used to survey 360 residents ≥15 years old in 18 districts and counties in Tianjin. Results The control rate of ticks for residents was 61.7% (221/358). The control rate of ticks was the highest (81.8%) and the lowest for ticks (59.2%). The personal protective measures and bite post-processing The rate of method control was 72.1% and 76.3% respectively. The control rate of wearing light-colored clothes (35.8%) and repellent (57.8%) in personal protective measures was low. The control skill of ticks The rates were 64.9% (183/282) and 50.0% (38/76), respectively, with statistical significance (P <0.05). The mastery rates of ticks prevention and control skills were 73.6% (156/212), 50.0% (36/72) and 39.2% (29/74) respectively for those with education level of college and above, high school, junior high school and below. The difference was statistically significant (42.5%), 71.4% (147/206) and 74.4% (32/43) of the residents with monthly income <2000, 2000-4000 and> 4000 yuan, respectively ), The difference was also statistically significant (P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the occupational and monthly income had significant effects on the control level of ticks (P <0.05). Conclusion The main influencing factors of tick control in Tianjin are occupational and monthly average income, health education should be strengthened for high-risk workers and low-income residents, and the prevention and treatment skills should be continuously improved.