由于原子能事业迅速发展,原子能广泛地被应用于科学和国民經济的各部門,因此研究电离輻射的防护問題,已成为医药工作者研究的新課題。各种射綫,包括α、β、γ或X-射綫及中子流等,对于人体皆有伤害作用。当人体受到超过最大允許剂量的射綫(外照射),或有大量放射性物质侵入机体(內照射),都可引起机体发生一系列的病理变化,造成一种特殊而严重的疾病——放射病。这种疾病能使人体遭受暫时的或永久性的損害,严重的可致死亡。电离輻射的防护,按方法可分成物理防护 Since the rapid development of atomic energy, atomic energy is widely used in various sectors of science and national economy, so studying the protection of ionizing radiation has become a new topic for medical workers. A variety of rays, including α, β, γ or X-ray and neutron flux, are harmful to the human body. When the body is exposed to more than the maximum allowable dose of radiation (external exposure), or a large number of radioactive substances into the body (internal irradiation), can cause a series of pathological changes in the body, causing a special and serious disease - radiation sickness. The disease can cause temporary or permanent damage to the human body, causing severe death. Ionizing radiation protection, according to the method can be divided into physical protection