活体肾脏捐献造福众多终末期肾病(ESRD)患者,但也给供者带来医学风险。尽管15年供者累积ESRD发生率<1%,但其发生ESRD的风险比健康非供者高。然而,供者在捐献后10年内全因死亡率、心血管疾病风险、需要透析治疗的急性肾损伤、需要外科治疗的肾结石的发生率均与健康非供肾者相似。供者痛风的发生率、女性供者发生妊娠期高血压和先兆子痫的风险均比健康非供肾者高。 Living kidney donors benefit many patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) but also pose a medical risk to donors. Although the cumulative incidence of ESRD in 15 years of donors is <1%, the risk of ESRD is higher than that in healthy non-donors. However, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease risk, dialysis-treated acute kidney injury, and the need for surgical treatment of kidney stones in donors were similar to those in healthy non-renal donors within 10 years of donation. The incidence of gout in donors, the risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia in female donors were all higher than those in healthy donors.