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采用纳米化学技术制备了新型的纳米复合固体超强酸催化剂Fe2O3/SO42-,并用XRD、TEM进行了表征。结果表明:所研制的Fe2O3/SO42-催化剂为晶态纳米粒子,平均粒径为40 nm,分散性较好;以Fe2O3/SO42-为催化剂时,氯苯硝化的区域选择性和活性提高。最佳反应条件为:催化剂活化温度600℃,反应温度50℃,n(硝酸)/n(氯苯)=3.5,m(氯苯)/m(催化剂)=20,反应时间6 h,产物收率为78.7%,对位一硝基氯苯与邻位一硝基氯苯之比(P/O)可达4.8。
A novel nanocomposite solid superacid catalyst, Fe2O3 / SO42-, was prepared by nano-chemical technique and characterized by XRD and TEM. The results show that the prepared Fe2O3 / SO42- catalyst is a crystalline nanoparticle with an average particle diameter of 40 nm and good dispersibility. When Fe2O3 / SO42- is used as a catalyst, the selectivity and activity of chlorobenzene nitration are improved. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: the activation temperature of the catalyst was 600 ℃, the reaction temperature was 50 ℃, the reaction time was 6 h and the molar ratio of n (nitric acid) / chlorobenzene was 3.5, m (chlorobenzene) / m The rate was 78.7%. The ratio of para-nitrochlorobenzene to ortho- nitrobenzene (P / O) was 4.8.