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一、先做下列选择题
1.
① ______from his accent, he is from the south.
② ______to be the best in a recent English speech contest, 25 students from Zhejiang Province were sent to Australia for a short visit.
A. Judging B. Judged
C. To be judged D. Having judged
2.
①______the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.(2000北京春)
② There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently, ______what he thought was a reason for his American characteristics.
③ ______ time, he will make a first-class tennis player.(2003北京)
④ Five people won the “China’s Green Figure”award, a title______ to ordinary people for their contribution to environment protection.(2006山东)
A. Having given B. Given
C. giving D. To give
3.
① John did quite well in his exams, ______ how little he studied.
② Taiwan-born filmmaker Ang Lee won the best director Oscar at the 78th Academy Awards, ______the highest honor in American movie fields.
A. considered B. considering
C. to consider D. consider
4.
① ______you the truth, I didn’t like you at first sight.
② ______you the truth, and you will be more than a little angry.
A. To tell B. Tell
C. Telling D. Told
【答案及解析】
1. ① A。judging from(by) ... 是悬垂分词结构，表示“从/根据……判断”，它不受句子主语的影响。
② B。由于受judging from(by)的影响，学生不管句子有无新变化而易误选A。此句中的主语“25 students”和judge是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词（短语）做原因状语。
2. ① B。given ... 是过去分词的独立结构，表示“考虑倒”，它不受句子主语的影响。
② C。given .. 是过去分词的独立结构，意为“如果”。全句意为“我最近读了英国人写的一本书，书里有句饶有趣味的话，假如他所想的就是形成美国人特点的理由的话。”
③ B。根据著名语法学家叶斯柏森（Jespersen）的意见，Given time是倒装的独立主格结构，Given time = Time given，其意义相当于If time is given(假以时日)，在句中当条件状语。
④ B。(given) 过去分词（短语）作后置定语。不要把③④和①混为一谈。
3. ① B。considering ... 悬垂分词结构，表示“考虑到，顾及到”，它不受句子主语影响。
② A。由于受①影响，而易误选B。此句中的Academy Awards和consider是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词（短语）作非限制性定语。
4. ① A。to tell (you) the truth是固定短语，表示“实话告诉你”。
② B。受①影响，而不注意连词and而误选A。此句是句型：祈使句+ and +结果。
【指点迷津】 在学习非谓语动词的过程中，我们已经归纳了非谓语动词中的独立结构，如现在分词类：judging from, considering（考虑到，就……而言, 顾及到），talking of（谈起……来）, generally (personally, properly ...) speaking, supposing（假如）, including（包括）等， 过去分词类： given（考虑到，如果）, provided(=providing)（倘若，假如）等, 不定式类：to tell (you) the truth, to be honest(frank, exact ...), to sum up, to make the story short, to make things worse, to begin with(start with)等。这些短语中的动词除了有以上的固定用法外，还和其他动词一样，也有一般用法，即是选过去分词还是现在分词，要分析它和句子主语的关系，一般来说，它们之间为主谓关系时用现在分词形式，为动宾关系时用过去分词形式。一定要分析句子的意思和结构的新变化，不要受固定思维影响而盲目答题。
二、 先做下列选择题
1. I sent you 100 dollars today, the rest ______ in a year. (2005湖南)
A. follows B. followed
C. to follow D. being followed
2. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons______for the day. (2007重庆)
A. finishing B. finished
C. had finished D. were finished
3. The country has already sent up 3 unmanned spacecraft, the most recent______at the end of the last March. (2007山东)
A. has been launched
B. having been launched
C. being launched
D. to be launched
4. The schoolboys and schoolgirls are walking along the street, ______ a small red cap.
A. each of them has B. they each have
C. every wears D. each wearing
【答案及解析】
1-4 CBBD以上四题均考查独立主格结构中的非谓语形式。而学生会受母语影响把此结构看成是一个完整的句子，而误选谓语动词。如1题误选B；2题误选D；3题误选A；4题误选A或B。
【指点迷津】
英语句子的特点之一是重“形合”，句与句的各个部份要有各种连词、关系词连接起来，似参天大树；而汉语句子重“意合”，句子按上下文的逻辑意义和时间顺序一一道来，如行云流水。如：今天天气好，我们出去散散步。汉语可以这么说，但如果我们写成英语：It’s fine today. we shall go out for a walk. 这就是病句。应改成：It’s fine today. Let’s go out for a walk.因此，如果题干已给出一个完整的句子，使用标点符号——逗号，而无任何连词的情况下，空缺所在的部份绝不会是完整的句子，它要么是非谓语部份做状语，要么是带上自己逻辑主语的独立主格结构。明确这一点，可首先排除以谓语形式出现的选项。
三、先做下列选择题
1. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage______the girl and took her away, ______into the woods. (2004上海春)
A. seizing; disapeared
B. seized; disapeared
C. seizing; disapearing
D. seized; disapearing
2. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not______, and asked myself what I was going to do. (2007湖南)
A. moved B. moving
C. to move D. being moved
3. She set out soon after dark______ home an hour later. (NMET1994)
A. arriving B. to arrive
C. having arrived D. and arrived
4. The students entered the classroom, smiling and ______ , and______down to have their lessons.
A. talked; sat B. talking; sitting
C. talking; sat D. talked; sitting
5. —Dear Frank, when will our wedding be?
—“Ah, when? God knows!”he said, and______away, walked rapidly away.
A. turning B. turned C. turn D. to turn
6. Everyone must have been asked by their______parents to take care of their wallets when______and ______ the door at home for safety reasons.
A. going out; locking B. go out; locking
C. going out; lock D. go out; lock
【答案及解析】
1. D。从后面的and took...可判断seize和它是并列谓语，应用过去式，而后面的逗号表明是分词做伴随状语。易误选C 或B。
2. B。后面的连词and是和前面的谓语stood是并列谓语，而not后的动作表示转折，没有转折连词，只能是伴随状语。此题易误选A。
3. D。dark之后没有逗号，可见此题是并列平行谓语。
4. C。第一个and并列两个现在分词；第二个and连结sat和entered两个并列谓语。
5. A。and是并列谓语said和walked，而turning ... 是分词做伴随状语。
6. C。and并列两个不定式短语to take care of和lock the door。易误选A，误认为是并列现在分词，这样整个句意就不通。
【指点迷津】
英语中的并列平行结构一般是最后一个部份前加and, but， or或than，这些并列平行结构的形式应该是一致的，难点在于分不清是并列平行谓语还是并列平行非谓语作状语，破解的关键在于分析句子结构，观察and, but或or的位置，同时兼顾标点符号（逗号）及整个句子的句意等相关知识。
四、先做下列选择题
1. It was______ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home.
A. repairing B. repaired
C. to repair D. being repaired
2. Nelson Mandela spent his time ______ in prison thinking about how to continue his fight for the black people’s freedom.
A. locking B. to lock
C. being lock D. locked
3. Tom thinks it hardly any use ______ with his brother, for he is a person not easily led by the nose.
A. talking B. to talk
C. talk D. talked
4. To his disappointment, the opinion he had stuck ______ wrong.
A. to turn B. to turning
C. to turned D. to be turned
5. Studies show the electronic devices people have made much use of ______music may be causing hearing loss in many people.
A. enjoy B. to enjoy
C. enjoying D. enjoyed
6. Peter received a letter just now ______his grandma would come to see him soon. (2007四川)
A. said B. says C. saying D. to say
【答案及解析】
1. A。考查spend time (in) doing ... 的基本句式，通过强调doing ... 部份而改变了句型结构，部份学生不知所措，误选被动语态的进行时态D项或不定式作表语C项。
2. D。此题易受spend time (in) doing...影响而误选A。spend在这里真正的意思是“度过（时间）”，sb. be locked 表示“某人锁在……”，表示状态。用过去分词短语表示主语的状态。
3. A。此题实质考查句型It be no use doing ...。句型变化，it为形式宾语，any use为宾补，talking短语为真正宾语。易误选答案B项或不知句型结构而错选其它选项。
4. C。此题he had stuck to是定语从句，这里选主句的谓语，受stick to doing影响不分析句子结构变化而误选B。
5. B。把make use of ... 放在定语从句中，of的宾语为先行词devices，不在定语从句中重复出现，此题考查不定式作目的状语，学生们易受介词of影响而不分析结构从而误选C。
6. C。现在分词作定语。此题易误选A（谓语）或D（不定式目的状语）。
【指点迷津】 受思维定势的影响，不观察出句子结构的新变化或不分析句子结构而造成误选答案。破解的方法是一定要分析句子结构、句意、从句和主句部份及固定短语的使用。
五、 先做下列选择题
1. ______and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. (2006全国Ⅰ)
A. Surprising B. Surprised
C. Being surprised D. To be surprised
2. ______with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task in time. (2006四川)
A. Faced B. FaceC. Facing D. To face
3. Please remain______until the plane has come to a complete stop. (2007山东)
A. to seat B. to be seated
C. seating D. seated
4. The person______in the chair, ______ up all the time, is my father.
A. seated; lookingB. seating; looked
C. seated; looked D. seating; looking
5. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them______in his lectures. (2007辽宁)
A. interested B. interesting
C. interest D. to interest
【答案及解析】
1—4. BADAA这几个题易受汉语思维的影响而认为是主谓关系而误选现在分词作状语、补语和定语。
【指点迷津】 有的过去分词相当于表示状态的形容词，其中按汉语思维不易理解的有：(be) dressed in, (be) lost in, (be) seated, (be) surprised, (be) faced with, (be) caught in the rain/storm, (be) interested, (be) filled with等，这类结构在句中作状语、补语或定语时，都要用过去分词。
六、 先做下列选择题
1. —Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ______to go to university.
—So do I. (NMET 1998)
A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped
2. The country life he was used to______greatly since 1992.(2005山东)
A. change B. has changed
C. changing D. have changed
3. —I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. （2006湖北）
—______good.
A. Sound B. Sounded
C. Sounding D. Sounds
4. Mary, ______ here—everybody else, stay where you are.（2006全国Ⅰ）
A. come B. comes
C. to come D. coming
5. You can’t imagine what difficulty we had______home in the snowstorm. (2007辽宁)
A. walked B. walk
C. to walk D. walking
6. —Do you have any idea what Paul does all day? (2007重庆)
—As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he______.
A. writes B. does writing
C. is writing D. does write
【答案及解析】
1. B。此题易受插入语working hard at his or her lessons的影响，不知此题考查谓语而误选C项，即用现在分词作状语。
2. B。此题易受插入定语从句的影响而误选C，而实际上此题填空处缺谓语。
3. D。此题考查谓语形式，句子为省略主语it的答语，学生易误选分词。
4. A。考查祈使句的谓语——动词原形，易误选分词。Mary后有逗号，是呼语，不是主语。
5. D。考查have difficulty (in) doing sth.句型。由于in省略，感叹部分前置而误选答案A（谓语，过去完成时态）或C项（have to情态动词）。
6. B。考查spend time (in) doing sth.句型。由于用does作为代动词，代替spends，又省略了介词in，学生易误选A和D项。
【指点迷津】 由于受插入语（成分）、省略句、祈使句等影响，不能正常分析句子结构，致使分不清所考查的内容是句子谓语还是非谓语。作此类题一定要首先观察句子是否已有谓语，辨别是以非谓语动词开头的句子还是祈使句，省略句省略了什么成分等各种现象，综合分析，才能选出正确答案。
七、 先做下列选择题
1. Faced with a bill for $10,000, ______. (2006陕西)
A. an extra job has been given to John
B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job had been taken
D. John has taken an extra job
2. In order to make our city green, ______. (上海)
A. it is necessary to have planted more trees
B. many more trees need to plant
C. our city needs more trees
D. we must plant more trees
【答案及解析】 1. D。2。D。
【指点迷津】 非谓语动词（短语）作状语时，分词的逻辑主语应和此句的主语一致，但是学生易忽视这一点而误选答案。做此类题时一定要分析非谓语动词的逻辑主语及句子的主语，再结合其他知识，才能选出正确的选项。
【实战练习】
1. ______his age, he did it quite well, so don’t ______him any more.
A. Given; blame B. Considered; say
C. To regard; scold D. Considering; scold
2. The car burns more fuel, but ______all things into consideration, it’s still a good car.
A. taken B. having taken
C. taking D. to take
3. His mother worried that he spent too much time on the computer and not enough time______.
A. to study B. study
C. studied D. studying
4. Which do you enjoy ______your weekend, fishing or watching TV?
A. spending B. to spend
C. spend D. in spending
5. —What do you think of the film“Promise”?
—______you the truth, I’ve never seen it at all.
A. Telling B. Told
C. To tell D. Having told
6. Mary spent the whole weekend______in her study, ______for the coming examinations.
A. locked; prepared B. locked; preparing
C. locking; preparing D. locking; prepared
7. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.(2005 湖南)
A. Dressed B. To dress
C. Dressing D. Having Dressed
8.______in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of time.(2005全国)
A. Losing B. Having lost
C. Lost D. To lost
9. A good story does not necessarily have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left ______.
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying
C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied
10. I’ve never seen anyone run so fast—______David go. (2004浙江)
A. just watch B. just to watch
C. just watching D. just having watched
11. The young student did all that he could______the examination.
A. pass B. to pass
C. passing D. passed
12. The girl______ forward to buying a new diamond ring.
A. referred to look B. refers to looking
C. referred to looks D. referring to look
13. —What should I do with the passage?
—______the main idea of each paragraph.(2005重庆)
A. Finding out B. Found out
C. Find out D. To find out
14. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade, and ______down to eat our picnic lunch.（2005上海）
A. sitting B. having sat
C. to sit D. sat
15. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see ______the next year.
A. carried out B. carrying out
C. carry out D. to carry out
16. While watching television, ______.
A. the doorbell rang
B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring
D. we heard the doorbell rings
17. Who did you see______ in the middle of the front row making that much noise?
A. seated B. sit C. seat D. seating
18. Mr. Rock was sent by a long-distance call______to see his badly injured brother.
A. to hurry B. hurrying
C. hurry D. hurried
19. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______him. (2007上海)
A. calling B. called
C. being called D. to call
20. —The last one______ pays the meals.
—Agreed!(2007全国Ⅰ及宁夏)
A. arrived B. arrives
C. to arrive D. arriving
Keys: 1. D2. C3. D4. B5. C6. B7. A8. C9. A10. A11. B12. C13. C14. D15. A16. C17. A18. B19. A 20. C
1.
① ______from his accent, he is from the south.
② ______to be the best in a recent English speech contest, 25 students from Zhejiang Province were sent to Australia for a short visit.
A. Judging B. Judged
C. To be judged D. Having judged
2.
①______the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.(2000北京春)
② There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently, ______what he thought was a reason for his American characteristics.
③ ______ time, he will make a first-class tennis player.(2003北京)
④ Five people won the “China’s Green Figure”award, a title______ to ordinary people for their contribution to environment protection.(2006山东)
A. Having given B. Given
C. giving D. To give
3.
① John did quite well in his exams, ______ how little he studied.
② Taiwan-born filmmaker Ang Lee won the best director Oscar at the 78th Academy Awards, ______the highest honor in American movie fields.
A. considered B. considering
C. to consider D. consider
4.
① ______you the truth, I didn’t like you at first sight.
② ______you the truth, and you will be more than a little angry.
A. To tell B. Tell
C. Telling D. Told
【答案及解析】
1. ① A。judging from(by) ... 是悬垂分词结构，表示“从/根据……判断”，它不受句子主语的影响。
② B。由于受judging from(by)的影响，学生不管句子有无新变化而易误选A。此句中的主语“25 students”和judge是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词（短语）做原因状语。
2. ① B。given ... 是过去分词的独立结构，表示“考虑倒”，它不受句子主语的影响。
② C。given .. 是过去分词的独立结构，意为“如果”。全句意为“我最近读了英国人写的一本书，书里有句饶有趣味的话，假如他所想的就是形成美国人特点的理由的话。”
③ B。根据著名语法学家叶斯柏森（Jespersen）的意见，Given time是倒装的独立主格结构，Given time = Time given，其意义相当于If time is given(假以时日)，在句中当条件状语。
④ B。(given) 过去分词（短语）作后置定语。不要把③④和①混为一谈。
3. ① B。considering ... 悬垂分词结构，表示“考虑到，顾及到”，它不受句子主语影响。
② A。由于受①影响，而易误选B。此句中的Academy Awards和consider是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词（短语）作非限制性定语。
4. ① A。to tell (you) the truth是固定短语，表示“实话告诉你”。
② B。受①影响，而不注意连词and而误选A。此句是句型：祈使句+ and +结果。
【指点迷津】 在学习非谓语动词的过程中，我们已经归纳了非谓语动词中的独立结构，如现在分词类：judging from, considering（考虑到，就……而言, 顾及到），talking of（谈起……来）, generally (personally, properly ...) speaking, supposing（假如）, including（包括）等， 过去分词类： given（考虑到，如果）, provided(=providing)（倘若，假如）等, 不定式类：to tell (you) the truth, to be honest(frank, exact ...), to sum up, to make the story short, to make things worse, to begin with(start with)等。这些短语中的动词除了有以上的固定用法外，还和其他动词一样，也有一般用法，即是选过去分词还是现在分词，要分析它和句子主语的关系，一般来说，它们之间为主谓关系时用现在分词形式，为动宾关系时用过去分词形式。一定要分析句子的意思和结构的新变化，不要受固定思维影响而盲目答题。
二、 先做下列选择题
1. I sent you 100 dollars today, the rest ______ in a year. (2005湖南)
A. follows B. followed
C. to follow D. being followed
2. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons______for the day. (2007重庆)
A. finishing B. finished
C. had finished D. were finished
3. The country has already sent up 3 unmanned spacecraft, the most recent______at the end of the last March. (2007山东)
A. has been launched
B. having been launched
C. being launched
D. to be launched
4. The schoolboys and schoolgirls are walking along the street, ______ a small red cap.
A. each of them has B. they each have
C. every wears D. each wearing
【答案及解析】
1-4 CBBD以上四题均考查独立主格结构中的非谓语形式。而学生会受母语影响把此结构看成是一个完整的句子，而误选谓语动词。如1题误选B；2题误选D；3题误选A；4题误选A或B。
【指点迷津】
英语句子的特点之一是重“形合”，句与句的各个部份要有各种连词、关系词连接起来，似参天大树；而汉语句子重“意合”，句子按上下文的逻辑意义和时间顺序一一道来，如行云流水。如：今天天气好，我们出去散散步。汉语可以这么说，但如果我们写成英语：It’s fine today. we shall go out for a walk. 这就是病句。应改成：It’s fine today. Let’s go out for a walk.因此，如果题干已给出一个完整的句子，使用标点符号——逗号，而无任何连词的情况下，空缺所在的部份绝不会是完整的句子，它要么是非谓语部份做状语，要么是带上自己逻辑主语的独立主格结构。明确这一点，可首先排除以谓语形式出现的选项。
三、先做下列选择题
1. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage______the girl and took her away, ______into the woods. (2004上海春)
A. seizing; disapeared
B. seized; disapeared
C. seizing; disapearing
D. seized; disapearing
2. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not______, and asked myself what I was going to do. (2007湖南)
A. moved B. moving
C. to move D. being moved
3. She set out soon after dark______ home an hour later. (NMET1994)
A. arriving B. to arrive
C. having arrived D. and arrived
4. The students entered the classroom, smiling and ______ , and______down to have their lessons.
A. talked; sat B. talking; sitting
C. talking; sat D. talked; sitting
5. —Dear Frank, when will our wedding be?
—“Ah, when? God knows!”he said, and______away, walked rapidly away.
A. turning B. turned C. turn D. to turn
6. Everyone must have been asked by their______parents to take care of their wallets when______and ______ the door at home for safety reasons.
A. going out; locking B. go out; locking
C. going out; lock D. go out; lock
【答案及解析】
1. D。从后面的and took...可判断seize和它是并列谓语，应用过去式，而后面的逗号表明是分词做伴随状语。易误选C 或B。
2. B。后面的连词and是和前面的谓语stood是并列谓语，而not后的动作表示转折，没有转折连词，只能是伴随状语。此题易误选A。
3. D。dark之后没有逗号，可见此题是并列平行谓语。
4. C。第一个and并列两个现在分词；第二个and连结sat和entered两个并列谓语。
5. A。and是并列谓语said和walked，而turning ... 是分词做伴随状语。
6. C。and并列两个不定式短语to take care of和lock the door。易误选A，误认为是并列现在分词，这样整个句意就不通。
【指点迷津】
英语中的并列平行结构一般是最后一个部份前加and, but， or或than，这些并列平行结构的形式应该是一致的，难点在于分不清是并列平行谓语还是并列平行非谓语作状语，破解的关键在于分析句子结构，观察and, but或or的位置，同时兼顾标点符号（逗号）及整个句子的句意等相关知识。
四、先做下列选择题
1. It was______ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home.
A. repairing B. repaired
C. to repair D. being repaired
2. Nelson Mandela spent his time ______ in prison thinking about how to continue his fight for the black people’s freedom.
A. locking B. to lock
C. being lock D. locked
3. Tom thinks it hardly any use ______ with his brother, for he is a person not easily led by the nose.
A. talking B. to talk
C. talk D. talked
4. To his disappointment, the opinion he had stuck ______ wrong.
A. to turn B. to turning
C. to turned D. to be turned
5. Studies show the electronic devices people have made much use of ______music may be causing hearing loss in many people.
A. enjoy B. to enjoy
C. enjoying D. enjoyed
6. Peter received a letter just now ______his grandma would come to see him soon. (2007四川)
A. said B. says C. saying D. to say
【答案及解析】
1. A。考查spend time (in) doing ... 的基本句式，通过强调doing ... 部份而改变了句型结构，部份学生不知所措，误选被动语态的进行时态D项或不定式作表语C项。
2. D。此题易受spend time (in) doing...影响而误选A。spend在这里真正的意思是“度过（时间）”，sb. be locked 表示“某人锁在……”，表示状态。用过去分词短语表示主语的状态。
3. A。此题实质考查句型It be no use doing ...。句型变化，it为形式宾语，any use为宾补，talking短语为真正宾语。易误选答案B项或不知句型结构而错选其它选项。
4. C。此题he had stuck to是定语从句，这里选主句的谓语，受stick to doing影响不分析句子结构变化而误选B。
5. B。把make use of ... 放在定语从句中，of的宾语为先行词devices，不在定语从句中重复出现，此题考查不定式作目的状语，学生们易受介词of影响而不分析结构从而误选C。
6. C。现在分词作定语。此题易误选A（谓语）或D（不定式目的状语）。
【指点迷津】 受思维定势的影响，不观察出句子结构的新变化或不分析句子结构而造成误选答案。破解的方法是一定要分析句子结构、句意、从句和主句部份及固定短语的使用。
五、 先做下列选择题
1. ______and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. (2006全国Ⅰ)
A. Surprising B. Surprised
C. Being surprised D. To be surprised
2. ______with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task in time. (2006四川)
A. Faced B. FaceC. Facing D. To face
3. Please remain______until the plane has come to a complete stop. (2007山东)
A. to seat B. to be seated
C. seating D. seated
4. The person______in the chair, ______ up all the time, is my father.
A. seated; lookingB. seating; looked
C. seated; looked D. seating; looking
5. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them______in his lectures. (2007辽宁)
A. interested B. interesting
C. interest D. to interest
【答案及解析】
1—4. BADAA这几个题易受汉语思维的影响而认为是主谓关系而误选现在分词作状语、补语和定语。
【指点迷津】 有的过去分词相当于表示状态的形容词，其中按汉语思维不易理解的有：(be) dressed in, (be) lost in, (be) seated, (be) surprised, (be) faced with, (be) caught in the rain/storm, (be) interested, (be) filled with等，这类结构在句中作状语、补语或定语时，都要用过去分词。
六、 先做下列选择题
1. —Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ______to go to university.
—So do I. (NMET 1998)
A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped
2. The country life he was used to______greatly since 1992.(2005山东)
A. change B. has changed
C. changing D. have changed
3. —I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. （2006湖北）
—______good.
A. Sound B. Sounded
C. Sounding D. Sounds
4. Mary, ______ here—everybody else, stay where you are.（2006全国Ⅰ）
A. come B. comes
C. to come D. coming
5. You can’t imagine what difficulty we had______home in the snowstorm. (2007辽宁)
A. walked B. walk
C. to walk D. walking
6. —Do you have any idea what Paul does all day? (2007重庆)
—As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he______.
A. writes B. does writing
C. is writing D. does write
【答案及解析】
1. B。此题易受插入语working hard at his or her lessons的影响，不知此题考查谓语而误选C项，即用现在分词作状语。
2. B。此题易受插入定语从句的影响而误选C，而实际上此题填空处缺谓语。
3. D。此题考查谓语形式，句子为省略主语it的答语，学生易误选分词。
4. A。考查祈使句的谓语——动词原形，易误选分词。Mary后有逗号，是呼语，不是主语。
5. D。考查have difficulty (in) doing sth.句型。由于in省略，感叹部分前置而误选答案A（谓语，过去完成时态）或C项（have to情态动词）。
6. B。考查spend time (in) doing sth.句型。由于用does作为代动词，代替spends，又省略了介词in，学生易误选A和D项。
【指点迷津】 由于受插入语（成分）、省略句、祈使句等影响，不能正常分析句子结构，致使分不清所考查的内容是句子谓语还是非谓语。作此类题一定要首先观察句子是否已有谓语，辨别是以非谓语动词开头的句子还是祈使句，省略句省略了什么成分等各种现象，综合分析，才能选出正确答案。
七、 先做下列选择题
1. Faced with a bill for $10,000, ______. (2006陕西)
A. an extra job has been given to John
B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job had been taken
D. John has taken an extra job
2. In order to make our city green, ______. (上海)
A. it is necessary to have planted more trees
B. many more trees need to plant
C. our city needs more trees
D. we must plant more trees
【答案及解析】 1. D。2。D。
【指点迷津】 非谓语动词（短语）作状语时，分词的逻辑主语应和此句的主语一致，但是学生易忽视这一点而误选答案。做此类题时一定要分析非谓语动词的逻辑主语及句子的主语，再结合其他知识，才能选出正确的选项。
【实战练习】
1. ______his age, he did it quite well, so don’t ______him any more.
A. Given; blame B. Considered; say
C. To regard; scold D. Considering; scold
2. The car burns more fuel, but ______all things into consideration, it’s still a good car.
A. taken B. having taken
C. taking D. to take
3. His mother worried that he spent too much time on the computer and not enough time______.
A. to study B. study
C. studied D. studying
4. Which do you enjoy ______your weekend, fishing or watching TV?
A. spending B. to spend
C. spend D. in spending
5. —What do you think of the film“Promise”?
—______you the truth, I’ve never seen it at all.
A. Telling B. Told
C. To tell D. Having told
6. Mary spent the whole weekend______in her study, ______for the coming examinations.
A. locked; prepared B. locked; preparing
C. locking; preparing D. locking; prepared
7. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.(2005 湖南)
A. Dressed B. To dress
C. Dressing D. Having Dressed
8.______in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of time.(2005全国)
A. Losing B. Having lost
C. Lost D. To lost
9. A good story does not necessarily have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left ______.
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying
C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied
10. I’ve never seen anyone run so fast—______David go. (2004浙江)
A. just watch B. just to watch
C. just watching D. just having watched
11. The young student did all that he could______the examination.
A. pass B. to pass
C. passing D. passed
12. The girl______ forward to buying a new diamond ring.
A. referred to look B. refers to looking
C. referred to looks D. referring to look
13. —What should I do with the passage?
—______the main idea of each paragraph.(2005重庆)
A. Finding out B. Found out
C. Find out D. To find out
14. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade, and ______down to eat our picnic lunch.（2005上海）
A. sitting B. having sat
C. to sit D. sat
15. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see ______the next year.
A. carried out B. carrying out
C. carry out D. to carry out
16. While watching television, ______.
A. the doorbell rang
B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring
D. we heard the doorbell rings
17. Who did you see______ in the middle of the front row making that much noise?
A. seated B. sit C. seat D. seating
18. Mr. Rock was sent by a long-distance call______to see his badly injured brother.
A. to hurry B. hurrying
C. hurry D. hurried
19. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______him. (2007上海)
A. calling B. called
C. being called D. to call
20. —The last one______ pays the meals.
—Agreed!(2007全国Ⅰ及宁夏)
A. arrived B. arrives
C. to arrive D. arriving
Keys: 1. D2. C3. D4. B5. C6. B7. A8. C9. A10. A11. B12. C13. C14. D15. A16. C17. A18. B19. A 20. C