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2008年4月28日,发生在我国的“胶济铁路相撞”事件造成多人死亡。就在火车相撞发生后不久,一位名为“SS山地师”的网民在贴吧内转发一条《火车相撞特大内幕!》的帖子,对死亡人数作了夸大表述。当地公安机关按照《治安管理处罚法》第25条之规定,对其处以治安拘留。不少评论者在讨论这一案件的时候,认为“SS山地师”发布消息属于言论自由,虽然具体死亡数字与事实不符,但并不存在实际恶意,故无须承担法律责任。何谓“实际恶意”?如何判定新闻传播法中的实际恶意原则?本文从实际恶意原则的渊源、涵义、法哲学理念、弊端以及在我国的表现几个方面予以剖析。
On April 28, 2008, the “Jiao Ji Railway Collision” incident in our country caused many deaths. Shortly after the train collision, a netizen named “SS Mountain Division” posted an article titled “Inside the Train Crashed!” In a post to exaggerate the death toll. Local public security organs shall be detained in law and order in accordance with the provisions of Article 25 of the Law on Punishment in Public Order and Security Administration. When discussing this case, many commenters said that the publication of the letter “SS Mountain Division” belongs to freedom of speech. Although the specific death number is not in accordance with the facts, there is no actual malicious intention and no legal liability is required. What is the “actual malice”? How to determine the actual malice principle in the media communication? This article analyzes the origin, connotation, the philosophy and the malpractice of the actual malice principle and its performance in our country.