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西方经济学恢宏磅礴的理论大厦是在“经济人假说”这块小小的基石之上建立起来的。以1776年亚当·斯密发表《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》(简称《国富论》)作为西方经济学产生的标志算起,这一理论大厦已建立了200多年了。在这期间内,无数充满智慧的经济学家不断地为其添砖加瓦,西方经济学理论日臻完善,各种流派也是你方唱罢我登场。西方经济学在不断地向前发展的同时,“经济人假说”在不断地得到修正。本文综述的范围就从经济学鼻祖亚当·斯密开始,归纳各个历史时期不同学派对“经济人假说”的观点以及其各自争论的焦点,并最终得出有意义的启示。
The magnificent theoretical building of Western economics was established on the small cornerstone of “Economic Hypothesis.” With the publication of The Study of the Nature and Causes of National Wealth in 1776 by Adam Smith (“Wealth of Nations”) as a symbol of Western economics, this theoretical building has been established for more than 200 years. In the meantime, countless economists who are full of wisdom have continued to build on their achievements. The theory of western economics is getting better day by day. While Western economics continues to move forward, “economic man hypothesis” is constantly being amended. The scope of this article begins with Adam Smith, the founder of economics, to sum up the views of different schools on “economic hypothesis” in various historical periods and the focus of their respective debates, and finally draws significant implications.