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目的探讨PM2.5对孕期大鼠胎盘、胎鼠发育及脑组织C-fos基因的影响。方法建立不同孕期PM2.5染毒的动物实验模型,A组妊娠第1~6天PM2.5染毒,B组妊娠第7~12天PM2.5染毒,C组妊娠第13~18 d PM2.5染毒,D组正常对照组,检测不同孕期大鼠的胎盘组织、胎鼠的发育及脑组织的海马中c-fos基因的表达。结果 1A组的吸收胎比率为13.16%,与B组7.41%、C组2.41%及D组2.35%比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2B组胎鼠的平均身长为(3.44±0.11)mm和平均尾长为(1.01±0.55)mm,与A组的(3.71±0.14)mm和(1.13±0.15)mm、C组(3.74±0.09)mm和(1.16±0.22)mm及D组的(3.76±0.16)mm和(1.17±0.26)mm相比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3B组IUGR发生率为30.26%,与A组14.50%、C组4.82%、D组1.14%相比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4B组的脑组织c-fos基因表达(0.45±0.08)与A组(0.22±0.05)、C组(0.13±0.03)及D组(0.06±0.05)相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PM2.5在不同孕期对胎鼠有不同的影响,可致胎鼠脑组织c-fosmRNA表达过度,对胚胎发育的毒性孕早期大于孕晚期,孕妇在孕早期尤其是在胚胎发育敏感期即妊娠3~8 w(对应大鼠孕7~12 d)应积极采取对PM2.5的防护,如防尘口罩,空气加湿器等。
Objective To investigate the effect of PM2.5 on placenta, fetal rat development and C-fos gene in brain during pregnancy. Methods Animal models of PM2.5 exposure during different stages of pregnancy were established. Group A was exposed to PM2.5 from day 1 to day 6 of pregnancy, group PM2.5 from day 7 to day 12 of group B, and from day 13 to day 18 of group C PM2.5, group D normal control group, detection of placenta and fetal rat in different pregnancy stages and the expression of c-fos gene in hippocampus of brain tissue. Results The ratio of fetus in group 1A was 13.16%, which was significantly different from that in group B 7.41%, group C 2.41% and group D 2.35% (P <0.05). The average length of fetus in group 2B was (3.44 ± 0.11 ) and average tail length (1.01 ± 0.55) mm were significantly higher than those in group A (3.71 ± 0.14) mm and (1.13 ± 0.15) mm in group C, (3.74 ± 0.09) mm and (3.76 ± 0.16) mm and (1.17 ± 0.26) mm respectively, there was significant difference (P <0.05). The incidence of IUGR in group 3B was 30.26%, which was significantly different from that in group A 14.50%, group C 4.82% and group D 1.14% (P <0.05). Compared with group A (0.22 ± 0.05), group C (0.13 ± 0.03) and group D (0.06 ± 0.05), the expression of c-fos gene in group 4B (0.45 ± 0.08) was significantly different ). Conclusion PM2.5 has different effects on fetal mice at different stages of pregnancy and may lead to over-expression of c-fos mRNA in fetal rat brain. The toxicity of PM2.5 to embryos during early pregnancy is greater than that of late pregnancy. Pregnant women in early pregnancy, especially in sensitive embryos Pregnancy 3 ~ 8 w (corresponding to 7 ~ 12 d pregnant rats) should take positive protection of PM2.5, such as dust masks, air humidifiers and so on.