大学的学科水平可以通过其所获得的国家科学技术奖数量和性质进行定量评估。文中提出“学科院校率”的概念,专门用于定量表征高等院校的学科实力。研究结果表明,近几年高等院校在五大基础学科领域中,物理学和化学的相对优势明显,数学和生物学的优势需要增强,地球科学领域实力处于相对弱势。 The academic level of a university can be quantitatively assessed by the number and nature of the national science and technology awards it receives. The article puts forward the concept of “academic institution rate”, which is devoted to quantitatively characterize the academic strength of institutions of higher learning. The results show that the relative advantages of physics and chemistry are obvious in the five basic disciplines of institutions of higher learning in recent years, the advantages of mathematics and biology need to be enhanced, and the strengths of the earth science field are relatively weak.