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基底前脑不仅在运动、注意行为和学习记忆中发挥重要作用,而且在睡眠-觉醒行为中扮演着重要的角色。虽然基底前脑神经元存在较强的异质性,但主要以胆碱能、γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)能以及谷氨酸能3种类型的神经元为主。本文综述基底前脑这3种不同神经递质类型的神经元对睡眠-觉醒行为调节作用的研究进展。基底前脑胆碱能神经元具有促进皮层激活和睡眠-觉醒时相转换的作用。基底前脑皮层投射型GABA能神经元接收局部胆碱能和谷氨酸能神经元投射,发挥中枢促觉醒和觉醒维持作用;而中间型GABA能神经元可能通过抑制附近的觉醒相关型神经元的活动来发挥促睡眠作用。基底前脑谷氨酸能神经元既可作用于局部觉醒相关型神经元,亦有可能通过向皮层的直接投射通路发挥促觉醒作用。
Basal forebrain not only plays an important role in exercise, attentional behavior and learning and memory, but also plays an important role in sleep-wakefulness. Although there is a strong heterogeneity in basal forebrain neurons, they are mainly cholinergic, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamatergic neurons. This review summarizes the research progress on the regulation of sleep-wake behavior by neurons of three different neurotransmitter types in the basal forebrain. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons have the role of promoting phase transition in cortical activation and sleep-wake. The basal forebrain cortical projection GABAergic neurons receive local cholinergic and glutamatergic neuron projections, which play a central role in promoting wakefulness and arousal maintenance. Intermediate GABAergic neurons, however, may exert inhibitory effects on nearby awakening-related neurons Activities to play a role in promoting sleep. Basal forebrain glutamatergic neurons may act on local awakening-related neurons, and may also exert arousal upon direct cortical projection.