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“互联网自由”与“互联网规制”是信息时代的两项核心议题。在WTO框架下,互联网贸易自由包括信息技术产品贸易自由、服务贸易自由、网络分销媒介自由以及与贸易相关的信息自由。然而,互联网贸易自由并非绝对的。通过对非贸易关切的考量,WTO协定赋予成员方实施互联网规制措施的权力,其中包括国家安全例外、公共道德与公共秩序例外、个人数据保护例外。根据条约解释的方法,不同的例外条款具有不同的适用标准与条件。在从网络大国迈向网络强国的过程中,我国应明确互联网贸易自由的基本价值导向,以此推进“互联网+”战略;同时,作为一个负责任的大国,我国应以符合WTO协定的方式保护网络空间的国家利益、公共利益与个人利益。
“Internet freedom ” and “Internet regulation ” are the two core issues of the information age. Under the framework of the WTO, the freedom of trade on the Internet includes the freedom of trade in information technology products, the freedom of trade in services, the freedom to distribute media online and the freedom of trade-related information. However, the freedom of trade on the Internet is not absolute. Through consideration of non-trade concerns, the WTO agreement gives members the power to implement Internet regulatory measures, including national security exceptions, public morals and public order exceptions, and personal data protection exceptions. According to the method of treaty interpretation, different exceptions have different applicable standards and conditions. In the course of moving from a network power to a network power, China should make clear the basic value orientation of Internet trade freedom in order to promote its strategy of “Internet + ”. At the same time, as a responsible big country, our country should follow the WTO agreement Ways to protect cyberspace national interests, public interests and personal interests.