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在1990年代，由于文化的现代化，工作岗位不断失去稳定性，青年过渡时期的时机选择和为时长短已经多样化。德国职业教育和培训（VET）的“双重体制”特别受到全球化和劳动力市场开放的压力。尽管经济状况动荡不安，但职业教育和培训的主要特征一直被维持下来。技能培训的道路仍然为多数人所接受———大群中等学校毕业生中2／3的人依旧走这条途径。这条路继续为他们提供标准的就业资历以及社会化的环境。尽管它在社会平等上、在适应技术和工作的变化上步伐缓慢，但它还是为社会提供了一支有技能的劳动大军，把青年失业率保持在较低的水平上。就未来而言，只要改革培训制度、保持从教育到就业之间那条“高技能”道路，则“左翼现代化派”提高技能的战略将仍是可行的。对青年过渡时期的研究，应把结构分析与对规章体制、过渡途径以及个人主动性的研究结合起来。
In the 1990s, due to the ongoing loss of stability in the workforce due to cultural modernization, the timing and timing of youth transition have diversified. The “dual system” of VET is particularly pressured by globalization and the opening up of the labor market. Despite the turbulent economic conditions, the main characteristics of vocational education and training have been maintained. The path to skills training is still accepted by the majority - two-thirds of the large group of secondary school graduates still follow this path. This road continues to provide them with standard employment qualifications and a socialized environment. Although it is slow in adapting to changes in technology and work on social equality, it provides the community with a skilled labor force that keeps youth unemployment at a low level. In the future, as long as the reform of the training system and the “high-skill” path between education and employment are maintained, the “left-wing modernization” strategy for improving skills will still be feasible. Studies of the transitional period of youth should combine structural analysis with research on regulatory systems, transitional paths, and individual initiative.