论文部分内容阅读
在对航空器实施空中交通管制当中,尤其是雷达管制,经常会使用航向(Heading)一词。通常指令航空器改飞航向,是调配航空器之间间隔或解决冲突的一种有效手段,然而,在使用当中有时会因为没有考虑到风因素的影响而错误地理解航向的含义而误用航向一词,令飞行员无所适从,也使管制员尴尬。管制界朋友,你是否遇到过这种情况:为调配两机间隔,当你指令某飞机飞航向110度,飞行员却回答:我现在航向就是110度。如果飞机航向仪没有故障的话,千万不能责备机长,要责备的应该是你,是你忽略了风的影响,错把航向当航迹(Track)。下面就论述一下“航向”及与之有关的“航迹”的理解及应用。首先,从定义上区别航向与航迹这两个概念,航向指航空器纵轴所指的方向,通常以自真北、磁北、罗北或网格北量起的度数表示;而航迹是指航空器的航径在地面上的投影,其任何一点的方向通常以自真北、磁北或网格北量起的度数表示。空中交通管制用语中的航向和航迹,是以磁北度数表示,即实际上是指磁航向和磁航迹。由定义可知,在空中飞行的航空器,当在静风、正顺风或逆风风场飞行时,航空器的航向与航迹是相同的;
Among the air traffic control aircraft, especially radar control, often use the heading (Heading) term. Normally directing the aircraft to change course is an effective means of allocating or resolving conflicts between aircraft. However, misuse of heading is sometimes mistakenly understood in the course of use for reasons of heading without considering the influence of wind factors , So that the pilot know what to do, but also make controller embarrassed. Control friends, have you ever encountered such a situation: In order to deploy two aircraft interval, when you order a plane flight to 110 degrees, the pilot replied: I now heading is 110 degrees. If there is no problem with the aircraft heading, do not blame the captain. It is you who blame you. You neglect the influence of the wind and mistakenly regard the course as the track. Here to talk about “heading ” and its related “track ” understanding and application. First of all, the two concepts of heading and track are distinguished from each other by definition. The heading refers to the direction indicated by the vertical axis of the aircraft, usually expressed in degrees from the true north, north, north or north of the grid; The projection of an aircraft’s path on the ground, at any point, is usually expressed in degrees measured from true North, Magnetic North, or Grid North. The heading and track in air traffic control terms are expressed in terms of the magnetic north degree, which is actually the magnetic heading and the magnetic track. It is clear from the definition that aircraft flying in air have the same heading and track when flying in calm, upwind or upwind wind fields;