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目的比较深圳市创建学校无烟环境活动前后中学生吸烟认知、态度、行为水平变化情况,评估创建活动效果,为学校控烟工作提供参考。方法采用随机多阶段整群抽样的方法,选取深圳市3个区5所中学为干预组开展创建学校无烟环境活动干预,随机选取5所中学为对照组不开展干预活动,对两组学校创建活动前后初一到高二年级学生进行随机抽样问卷调查,评估学生吸烟知识知晓、态度、行为水平。结果干预组人群的知识知晓率由干预前的78.60%提高到干预后的85.21%(χ2=44.89,P<0.01),态度正确率由干预前的73.86%提高到干预后的77.07%(χ2=4.72,P=0.03);而行为形成率在干预前后分别为90.57%,91.74%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.56,P=0.21)。对照组的知识知晓率、态度正确率、行为形成率干预前分别为76.50%,72.68%,83.82%,干预后分别为77.77%,73.48%,84.46%,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论无烟学校创建活动能提高学校健康教育的效果,使中学生的烟草认知情况产生明显的改善,但对吸烟行为无明显影响。建议在全社会范围推广全面无烟政策。
Objective To compare the changes of smoking cognition, attitudes and behavior among middle school students before and after the establishment of school-based smoke-free environment in Shenzhen, evaluate the effect of creating activities, and provide reference for school tobacco control work. Methods A randomized multistage cluster sampling method was used to select five secondary schools in three districts of Shenzhen as intervention group to create a smoke-free environmental intervention in schools. Five secondary schools were randomly selected as the control group to conduct interventions. Before and after the event, freshmen and sophomores conducted a random sampling questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of students on smoking. Results The rate of awareness of the intervention group was increased from 78.60% before intervention to 85.21% after intervention (χ2 = 44.89, P <0.01), and the attitude correct rate increased from 73.86% before intervention to 77.07% after intervention (χ2 = 4.72, P = 0.03). The rate of behavior formation before and after intervention was 90.57% and 91.74%, respectively, with no significant difference (χ2 = 1.56, P = 0.21). The rate of knowledge awareness, attitude correctness and behavior formation in the control group were 76.50%, 72.68% and 83.82% respectively before intervention, 77.77%, 73.48% and 84.46% respectively after intervention, with no significant difference (P value > 0.05). Conclusion The creation of a smoke-free school can improve the effect of school health education, improve the cognition of tobacco in middle school students, but have no significant effect on smoking behavior. It is recommended to promote a comprehensive smoke-free policy across the whole society.