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目的了解贵阳市中小学生伤害的流行病学特征,为更好的开展干预和支持安全性工作提供理论依据。方法采用自制调查表,对随机抽取的贵阳市15所学校6 865名在校中小学生进行调查分析。结果共有1 124名学生发生过伤害,发生率为16.1%,其中男生为19.4%,女生为12.5%(P<0.05),小学生为17.2%,初中生为13.9%(P<0.05);意外伤害的发生率高于自杀或自创(P<0.05)。在伤害程度中,门诊治疗或自行处理比例最高;在家中或校外、学校里发生率分别为27.8%,34.1%。意外伤害种类中,碰撞伤、触电、机动车伤、烧烫伤、溺水和爆炸伤的发生例数均为家中或校外超过学校。结论学龄儿童的伤害安全问题严峻。针对影响学生发生伤害的影响因素确定相关针对性对策。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of primary and secondary school students in Guiyang and to provide a theoretical basis for better intervention and support for safety. Methods A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate and analyze 6 865 primary and secondary school students in 15 schools randomly selected from Guiyang. Results A total of 1 124 students were injured. The incidence rate was 16.1%, with 19.4% for boys and 12.5% for girls (P <0.05), 17.2% for primary students and 13.9% for junior high students (P <0.05) The incidence of suicide or self-created (P <0.05). In the degree of injury, outpatient treatment or self-treatment of the highest proportion; at home or outside the school, the incidence rates were 27.8%, 34.1%. Among the types of accidental injuries, the number of cases of collision injuries, electric shocks, motor vehicle injuries, burns, drowning and explosions were all out of school or out of school. Conclusion The injury safety of school-age children is a serious problem. Aiming at the influential factors that affect students’ injury, it is necessary to determine relevant countermeasures.