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以黄淮海平原盐碱障碍农田为研究对象,探究了秸秆覆盖、灌溉、氮素调控等农艺措施对轻中度盐碱障碍农田土壤养分的影响。研究结果表明:相比于当地常规水肥管理,增施氮肥能够显著促进土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的提高,应用3年后的0~20 cm土层,相应分别提高29.02%、52.04%、75.79%和45.06%;秸秆覆盖能够明显增加土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量,应用3年后,相应分别增加26.15%、19.53%、42.08%、11.22%和35.81%;加大灌溉量减少了土壤有效磷和速效钾的消耗。应用3年后,秸秆覆盖和氮素调控下土壤有机质和碱解氮均由五级上升为三级,速效钾由四级上升为三级,养分适量;秸秆覆盖和加大灌溉量下的土壤有效磷由三级下降为四级;灌溉条件下土壤有机质由五级增加到四级,碱解氮由四级增加到三级。在黄淮海平原轻中度盐碱障碍农田的管理实际中应当适当增加秸秆覆盖量、增施氮素、补充磷肥并且适量灌溉。
Taking the farmland of saline-alkali barrier in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain as the research object, the effects of agronomic measures such as straw mulching, irrigation and nitrogen regulation on the soil nutrient of light-moderate saline-alkali barrier farmland were studied. The results showed that compared with the conventional water and fertilizer management, the application of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly promote the increase of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. After 3 years of application, the 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 29.02% , 52.04%, 75.79% and 45.06% respectively. Straw mulching could significantly increase soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium after 3 years of application, increasing by 26.15%, 19.53%, 42.08% 11.22% and 35.81% respectively. Increasing the irrigation amount reduced the consumption of soil available P and available K. Three years after application, under the control of straw mulching and nitrogen, the contents of soil organic matter and available nitrogen increased from five to three, and the available potassium increased from four to three, and the amount of nutrients was adequate. Straw mulching and soil fertigation Phosphorus decreased from Grade III to Grade IV, soil organic matter increased from Grade 5 to Grade 4 under irrigation, and Grade 4 increased from Grade 4 to Grade 3. In the management of light and moderate saline-alkali farmland in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the amount of straw mulching should be increased appropriately, nitrogen added, phosphate fertilizer supplemented, and proper irrigation.