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目的研究老年人扩张型心肌病(DCM)的特征。方法通过临床观察对36例住院老年和62例非老年DCM患者的临床资料进行对比分析。结果①老年与非老年DCM患者室性心律失常的发生率,中、重度心功能不全,两者比较差异显著(P<0.001);②老年组低血钾、低血镁发生率高(分别52.78%和33.3%),对洋地黄敏感性增加,易发生洋地黄中毒(33.3%);③老年组的主要死因是充血性心力衰竭(80%)。结论老年人DCM的预后比非老年人相对较好,发病年龄越早,预后越差。心功能恶化,电解质失衡及交感神经兴奋是老年人DCM室性心律失常的主要原因。
Objective To study the characteristics of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in the elderly. Methods By clinical observation of 36 cases of hospitalized elderly and 62 cases of non-elderly patients with DCM comparative analysis of clinical data. Results ① The incidence of ventricular arrhythmia was not significantly different between elderly and non-elderly DCM patients (P <0.001); ② The incidence of hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia in elderly patients was significantly higher (52.78% % And 33.3%, respectively. The sensitivity to digitalis increased and digitalis poisoning occurred easily (33.3%). The main cause of death in the elderly group was congestive heart failure (80%). Conclusion The prognosis of elderly patients with DCM is relatively better than that of non-elderly patients. The earlier the patients are, the worse their prognosis is. Deterioration of cardiac function, electrolyte imbalance and sympathetic excitation are the main causes of DCM in patients with ventricular arrhythmias.