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配位超分子化学是研究存在配位相互作用的超分子体系的化学,其中配位键对超分子体系的形成和功能具有重要作用。配位超分子材料,又称为金属-有机材料(metal-organic materials,MOMs),既包括具有特定外形、尺寸或空腔的分立、寡聚配合物(如配位多边形和多面体、螺旋体、轮烷、索烃等),也包含由数目不定的组分自发组装而成的无限/多聚配位聚集体(如配位聚合物、金属-有机框架和金属-有机凝胶)等。配位超分子化学的发展很大程度上依赖于配位超分子自组装方法的发展,而各种可设计、可预测、可调控的精准巧妙的配位自组装策略的涌现,不但将超分子化学推向前所未有的水平,同时也极大地丰富和提升了现代超分子化学合成方法与技术。本文主要介绍目前常见的一些配位超分子体系的制备与合成方法,特别是定向合成不同类型的配位超分子体系的组装策略与应用实例。
Coordination supramolecular chemistry is the study of the chemistry of supramolecular systems where coordination interactions exist, and coordination bonds play an important role in the formation and function of supramolecular systems. Coordination supramolecular materials, also known as metal-organic materials (MOMs), include both discrete and oligomeric complexes of specific shape, size or cavity (such as coordination polygons and polyhedrons, spirochetes, Alkanes, cordanes, etc.) as well as infinite / multimeric coordination aggregates (such as coordination polymers, metal-organic frameworks and metal-organic gels) that are spontaneously assembled from an indefinite number of components. The development of coordination supramolecular chemistry relies heavily on the development of coordinated supramolecular self-assembly methods, and the emergence of various well-designed, predictable and regulatable, ingenious coordination self-assembly strategies not only converts supramolecular Chemistry to an unprecedented level, but also greatly enriched and upgraded the modern synthesis and methods of supramolecular chemistry. This article mainly introduces the preparation and synthesis methods of some coordination supramolecular systems, especially the assembly strategies and application examples of directional synthesis of different types of coordination supramolecular systems.