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【目的】了解上海市徐汇区学龄前儿童气质类型分布特点并探讨其影响因素。【方法】随机抽取上海市徐汇区不同类型的5所托幼机构436名4~6岁儿童,采用NYLS的3~7岁儿童气质量表的家长评定问卷和自拟影响因素问卷进行调查,应用“儿童气质量表”进行气质类型评定,用SPSS11.5软件进行统计分析。【结果】难养型占12.2%,易养型占9.2%,启动缓慢型占8.3%,中间型占70.4%。学龄前儿童的气质发展与养育类型、家庭类型、儿童出生时父母亲的年龄、母亲怀孕情况、儿童的主要照顾人以及儿童与父母亲的相处时间等因素有关。【结论】儿童气质的发展受多因素影响,必须从多方面综合分析其气质特征,使儿童的气质与周围环境相协调,有利于促进儿童心理的健康发展。
【Objective】 To understand the distribution characteristics of preschool children’s temperament in Xuhui District, Shanghai and to explore the influencing factors. 【Methods】 A total of 436 children aged 4 ~ 6 were randomly selected from 5 nurseries and nurseries in Xuhui District, Shanghai. The questionnaires of parents’ rating scale and self-made influencing factors of NYLS children’s 3-7 year old children’s scale were used to investigate. “Child temperament scale ” temperament type assessment, using SPSS11.5 software for statistical analysis. 【Results】 Hard-bearing type accounted for 12.2%, susceptible type accounted for 9.2%, slow-start type accounted for 8.3%, intermediate type accounted for 70.4%. The development of preschool children’s temperament is related to the type of parenting, the type of family, the age of the child at birth, the pregnancy of the mother, the primary caregiver for the child, and the time spent by the child with the parent. 【Conclusion】 The development of children’s temperament is influenced by many factors. Comprehensive analysis of their temperament characteristics from many aspects should be made to harmonize the children’s temperament with the surrounding environment and promote the healthy development of children’s psychology.