目的探讨三聚氰胺泌尿系结石(MUS)并急性肾衰竭(ARF)婴幼儿的预后与转归。方法对2008年7-10月在本院住院治疗的21例MUS并ARF婴幼儿[ARF组,年龄(10.5±5.7)个月]进行20个月随访。随访内容包括泌尿系超声、尿常规、肾功能检查,并记录其身高、体质量、临床症状及并发症情况。选取同期住院治疗的30例单纯MUS无ARF患儿(MUS组)及50例无三聚氰胺污染奶粉喂养史的健康儿童(健康对照组)作为对照。比较三组间相关参数异同。结果成功随访17例MUS并ARF患儿;经过保守治疗(其中12例患儿行血液透析),患儿恢复顺利,无临床症状及相关并发症,尿常规和肾功能检查未见明显异常。12例带结石出院患儿中结石消失7例、变小4例、无明显变化1例。8例出院时仍有肾积水的患儿中,5例消失;2例减轻,1例无明显变化。ARF组患儿出院带石率、结石消失率、出院积水率及积水消失率与MUS组比较差异均无统计学意义(Pa>0.05);AFR组和MUS组患儿及健康对照组儿童身高及体质量比较差异均无统计学意义(Pa>0.05)。结论 MUS并AFR患儿经过住院保守治疗(包括血液透析),ARF得以纠正,症状缓解,20个月随访显示预后与转归较好,生长发育无明显影响,未见泌尿系肿瘤形成。 Objective To investigate the prognosis and outcome of infants with melamine urinary calculi (MUS) and acute renal failure (ARF). Methods Twenty-one MUS and ARF infants (ARF group, mean age 10.5 ± 5.7 months) hospitalized in our hospital from July to October in 2008 were followed up for 20 months. Follow-up included urinary ultrasound, urinalysis and renal function tests, and recorded the height, weight, clinical symptoms and complications. Thirty patients with MUS without ARF (MUS group) and 50 healthy children without history of melamine contamination (healthy control group) were enrolled as controls. Comparison of similarities and differences between the three groups of parameters. Results A total of 17 children with MUS and ARF were followed up successfully. After conservative treatment (including hemodialysis in 12 children), the children recovered smoothly without clinical symptoms and complications, and no abnormalities were found in urinalysis and renal function tests. Among the 12 patients with stones discharged, the stones disappeared in 7 cases and became smaller in 4 cases with no obvious change in 1 case. Of the 8 children who still had hydronephrosis at discharge, 5 disappeared; 2 relieved and 1 had no significant change. There was no significant difference between the ARF group and the MUS group (Pa> 0.05). There was no significant difference in the stone discharge rate, the rate of stone disappearance, the effusion rate of the discharged water and the disappearance rate of the stagnant water between the ARF group and the MUS group There was no significant difference in height and body weight (Pa> 0.05). Conclusions After hospitalized conservative treatment (including hemodialysis), MUS and AFR patients were cured. ARF was corrected and the symptoms were relieved. The follow-up at 20 months showed that the prognosis and prognosis were good. There was no significant effect on the growth and development of urinary tract tumors.