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该文基于传统的气温指标经验融雪径流模型,提出结合高程、坡向和坡度的流域分带及度日因子改进计算方法,定量描述流域地形特征对气温空间差异与融雪量产生的影响,由此建立基于地形因子改进的融雪径流(snowmelt runoff model,SRM)模型。通过乌鲁木齐河上游山区流域2005-2007年春夏季融雪日径流的模拟和验证,对比分析这传统模型和改进融雪径流模型在数据稀缺流域中的应用效果。结果表明,2种模型模拟2005-2007年春夏季融雪日径流均有较好的模拟效果。比较传统模型,基于地形因子改进的融雪径流模型具有更高的模拟精度,通过流域分带和度日因子数计算的改进,减少了模拟误差,3 a平均的拟合优度R~2值从0.77增加到0.80,均方根误差从5.7减少到5.35 m~3/s,模拟精度有所提高。可见,建立的基于坡向和坡度等地形因子改进的融雪径流模型在数据稀缺干旱流域融雪径流模拟中具有更好的适用性。
Based on the traditional snowmelt runoff model of temperature index, this paper proposes an improved calculation method combining the elevation, slope and slope watershed zoning and the daily diurnal factor to quantitatively describe the impact of topographic features on the spatial variation of temperature and the amount of snowmelt. A snowmelt runoff model (SRM) model based on topographic factors was established. Through the simulation and verification of the snowmelt daily runoff in the spring and summer of 2005-2007 in the mountainous upper reaches of the Urumqi River, this traditional model and the application of the improved snowmelt runoff model in data scarce watersheds are compared and analyzed. The results show that the two models have a good simulation effect on snowmelt daily runoff in spring and summer of 2005-2007. Compared with the traditional model, the snowmelt runoff model based on the terrain factor has a higher accuracy. Through the improvement of watershed zoning and daily factor calculation, the simulation error is reduced. The average goodness of fit R ~ 2 0.77 to 0.80, the root mean square error decreased from 5.7 to 5.35 m ~ 3 / s, and the simulation accuracy improved. Therefore, the established snowmelt runoff model based on topographic factors such as aspect and slope has better applicability in simulating snowmelt runoff in the data-deficient arid watershed.