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当前海洋生物资源保护不论是国际法抑或国内法都在“实然”现状与“应然”理性间存在一定程度的脱节,导致法律实施效果不彰,未能有效遏制海洋生物资源衰退。从法的“实然”现状分析,在国际法规制层面,存在国际规范间重叠冲突、遵守和执行缺乏制度保障、利益协调机制不完善等弊端;在国内法规制层面,存在法律本位异位、规范可操作性差以及政出多门所导致的管理效果不彰等缺陷。海洋生物资源保护的法律规制无论国际法抑或国内法,制度安排均未能有效与资源特性相契合。从法的“应然”特性分析,海洋生物资源保护法所调整的法律关系具有区别于传统法律部门的独特性和复杂性,呈现主体多元、客体多样、利益共享等法律特点,且受生态规律制约,系一种被所决定的法理。因此,科学的海洋生物资源保护法应当在生态整体主义理念指引下,在全球合作的基础上,改变环境与资源法律分立的旧有模式,统筹立法并辅之以总量控制等制度配套,才能有效契合法的“应然”理性,从而化解海洋资源危机,实现人海和谐。
At present, the protection of marine living resources is not only in international law but also in domestic law. There is a certain degree of disjunction between the actual situation of “real status ” and “should ” rationality, resulting in ineffective implementation of laws and effectively preventing the decline of marine living resources . From the legal “real ” status quo analysis, there are some shortcomings such as the overlapping conflicts between international norms, the lack of system guarantee in compliance and enforcement, the imperfect coordination mechanism of interests at the level of the regulation of international law. At the level of domestic laws and regulations, Bit, normative maneuverability and the lack of effective management caused by multiple government shortcomings and other defects. Legal Regulation of Conservation of Marine Living Resources Both international law and domestic law fail to effectively match institutional arrangements with resource characteristics. From the analysis of the “” should Characteristic of the law, the legal relation that marine living resources law of protection adjusts has distinctiveness and complexity that distinguishes from the traditional law department, present the legal characteristic such as pluralism of subject, object diversity, benefit sharing Restricted ecological law, is a decision of the law. Therefore, the scientific law on the protection of living marine resources should, under the guidance of the concept of ecological holism, on the basis of global cooperation, change the old mode of separation of laws on environment and resources, and co-ordinate legislation and supplemented by system support such as total amount control Effectively fit the law’s “should” rational, so as to resolve the crisis of marine resources, to achieve harmony between the sea.