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INTRODUCTIONrnβ-catenin is a central molecule in the canonical wingless/integrated (Wnt) pathway. When Wnt ligands interact with Frizzled and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 and 6 co-receptors, β-catenin is activated, accumulated in the cytoplasm, and translocated into the nucleus. In the nucleus, β-catenin activates transcription of downstream genes.