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目的了解上海市社区居民对使用抗菌药物的知识、态度和行为现况,为全科医师的社区健康教育工作提供依据。方法 2012年12月—2013年1月采用便利抽样方法,抽取200名社区居民作为调查对象,以问卷调查的形式,调查并分析社区居民对使用抗菌药物的知识、态度和行为状况。计量资料比较采用t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果对于抗菌药物的种类、名称方面回答正确的社区居民有156人(78.0%)。知识得分为(2.39±1.36)分,得分率为39.83%;态度得分为(4.87±2.13)分,得分率为54.11%;行为得分为(2.89±1.16)分,得分率为57.80%。不同学历社区居民的知识[(2.01±1.20)、(2.89±1.39)分]、态度[(4.31±1.89)、(5.62±2.22)分]得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同性别社区居民的知识[(11.73±4.30)、(9.04±3.67)分]、态度[(2.94±1.35)、(2.01±1.22)分]、行为[(5.74±2.12)、(4.26±1.93)分]得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论全科医生应采取针对性措施,加强抗菌药物的政策法规、适应证、合理用法用量等基础知识的健康教育,注意针对不同人群采用不同的沟通方式,着重发挥家庭医生责任制的长处,在日常工作中重点着眼于居民不良用药行为的纠正。
Objective To understand the knowledge, attitude and behavior of community residents in Shanghai on the use of antimicrobial agents and to provide evidence for community health education of general practitioners. Methods From December 2012 to January 2013, 200 community residents were selected as the survey sample by means of convenience sampling method. The questionnaires were used to investigate and analyze the community residents’ knowledge, attitude and behavior of using antibiotics. Measurement data were compared using t test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results 156 (78.0%) of the community residents who responded correctly to the name and category of antibacterials were found. The score of knowledge was (2.39 ± 1.36) points, the score rate was 39.83%. The attitude score was (4.87 ± 2.13) points, the score rate was 54.11%. The score of behavior was (2.89 ± 1.16) points, the score rate was 57.80%. The knowledge of community residents with different degrees of education [(2.01 ± 1.20), (2.89 ± 1.39) points, attitude [(4.31 ± 1.89), (5.62 ± 2.22) points) showed statistically significant differences ); Attitude [(2.94 ± 1.35), (2.01 ± 1.22) points], behavior [(5.74 ± 2.12), (4.26 ± 1.93) points] scores, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion General practitioners should take targeted measures to strengthen the health education on the basic knowledge of antimicrobials policies and regulations, indications, rational usage and other basic knowledge, pay attention to using different modes of communication for different groups of people, focusing on the advantages of family doctor responsibility system, in the Focus on the routine work of residents to correct bad drug behavior.