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在浙江的海岸线中部有一个大型的喇叭口，它就是举世闻名的杭州湾。
如今，宏伟壮观的杭州湾跨海大桥飞架南北。在杭州湾跨海大桥南岸的西侧，还有这么一块淡咸水湿地，它就是总面积约43.5平方公里的宁波杭州湾湿地。
湿地又被称为“城市之肾”，它是污染物最有效的过滤器。经过几年的梳妆打扮，宁波杭州湾湿地已初具规模，不仅成为了世界级候鸟迁徙的中转站或越冬地，也成为了人类观鸟、研究鸟类迁徙的世界级湿地。
著名导演陈凯歌夫妇兴致勃勃地来到宁波杭州湾湿地，在湿地教育中心的一角，夫妇俩栽下了一棵金桂树。陈凯歌说：“这里是电影《搜索》的拍摄点之一，我们会在这里拍一段爱情戏。此地风景太美了。和西溪湿地相比，这里更辽阔，物种更丰富。”陈凯歌还说：“如果故事合适，我的下一部电影，也会考虑在这里取景。”
湿地飞来“稀客”
张先生是一位鸟儿的“粉丝”，在杭州湾湿地拍鸟已有多年，他手上的鸟儿照片少说也有数百张。一天，他去杭州湾湿地拍野鸭，突然一只只野鸭竖起了羽毛，纷纷展翅散开。一抬头，只见一个庞大的黑影在空中盘旋。他连忙按下快门拍了下来。回去细看图照，只见这只大鸟个头约有50厘米，头和肩膀很白，比之以前他拍的大鹗小些，连这位成天和鸟打交道的鸟“粉丝”也不知道这是啥鸟，难道“稀客”来了？张先生兴奋不已。
东北林业大学湿地生态学与鸟类学硕士朱冰润看了这张照片也一脸茫然。他想：鹊鹞和白腹鹞，雌鸟头部都是褐色的，而这只鸟明显是花白的。根据它头部和肩部的羽毛可以判断，这应该是白头鹞，白腹鹞尾部一般有褐色横斑，但它却没有。而白头鹞在浙江没有分布，这是第一次发现。朱冰润说：它真是“稀客”。白头鹞是国家二级保护动物，是鹰科鹞属的一种，它“喜欢男扮女装”，雄性在性成熟期，羽毛色彩漂亮看起来会像雌白头鹞。朱冰润说，白头鹞在新疆为夏候鸟或留鸟，西藏为冬候鸟。“估计这只鸟是在新疆繁殖，一路南下，本来它想飞往尼泊尔、泰国一带，不知是风力还是啥原因，落单到了宁波。”
季节一到，成千上万的候鸟就会飞到杭州湾湿地，其中就有不少“稀客”。
作为国内八大河口滨海湿地之一，广袤的杭州湾湿地为包括卷羽鹈鹕在内的数十种长途跋涉而来的候鸟提供了越冬地、中转站和食堂。潮汐会带来丰富的食物：沙蚕、甲壳纲动物、鱼类甚至水母，迁徙的候鸟在它们的旅程中会消耗大量的能量，就像F1赛车必须中途进站加油一样，再强壮的候鸟也不可能一口气飞完全程，它们必须找一个提供中途补给的地方，休息、进食补充热量、等待落单的同伴。
李时珍的《本草纲目·禽——鹈鹕》记载：“鹈鹕处处有之，水鸟也。”可见在明代，鹈鹕的数量还是很可观的。事实上，目前属于全球性濒危物种的卷羽鹈鹕在我国的数量已经非常稀少，前景堪忧。上世纪80年代，长江流域曾经有过卷羽鹈鹕的越冬记录，但由于生态环境的持续恶化，它们被人们目击的次数越来越少，在杭州湾湿地发现的这个小种群数量仅在30只左右，也可能是亚洲东部少有的一群。
世行与GEF情倾湿地
国家林业局湿地办主任马广仁是我国湿地领域的研究权威，他已经多次来到杭州湾湿地，对这里已经十分熟悉。他说，目前我国国内海边的湿地公园并不多，如海南的红树林湿地、山东的滨海湿地公园，但最有特色的还是杭州湾。杭州的西溪湿地，是第一个国家湿地公园，是一块人工湿地。而这里的杭州湾湿地既有人工的，又是自然湿地。杭州湾国家湿地公园现在规划面积共7000亩，最初的规划面积只有5000亩，后来增加的2000亩，都是滩涂。宁波杭州湾湿地就是我国一个最典型最完整的生态系统湿地，这里独有的广袤滩涂对候鸟的迁徙非常重要。
杭州湾湿地独特的地理环境和生态优势受到了全世界的关注，世界银行代表专门来到这里听取了湿地项目执行情况汇报，还参观和考察了杭州湾湿地中心。杭州湾湿地项目引起了世界银行与全球环境基金会(GEF)的高度关注，杭州湾湿地成了世界银行和GEF计划实施的“东亚海洋大生态系统污染削减项目”的第一个子项目，它将专门为东亚地区海涂湿地保护提供样板。杭州湾湿地也就成为了世界银行与全球环境基金会(GEF)基金融资的第一个项目，世界银行和GEF为该项目专门提供了500万美元的赠款，支持总面积约43.5平方公里的自然湿地和其中污水处理工程，以及一个世界级环境教育中心的建设。
打造世界一流的观鸟胜地
杭州湾湿地是我国鸟类的“天堂”。根据我国有关权威组织观测，目前杭州湾湿地已发现鸟类216种，列入国家重点保护野生动物名录的13种，列入世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）中国受威胁鸟类名录9种，其他高等植物、浮游植物、底栖动物、鱼类等生物550余种。在这里，还生长着高等植物86科281种，浮游植物192种，底栖动物56种，鱼类42种。这本身就是宁波杭州湾湿地对世界自然环境保护的重大贡献。
根据规划，杭州湾湿地共分为生态保育区、功能展示区、宣教服务区、湿地体验区四大功能区。由“长廊曼回、溪影花语、天鹅戏晖、乌篷樵风、碧沙宿鹭、蒹葭秋雪、麋鹿悠游、镜花水月、林光罨画、巢林鹬归”等自然景观组成。湿地公园规划分两期开发建设，计划总投入5.526亿元。现在正在进行的一期工程，将完成对湿地公园园区的整体规划控制和生态系统的初步恢复。从2013年开始这里将投入二期工程，它将全面实施湿地生态系统修复和重建工程，健全、完善湿地保护及生态旅游体系，未来将打造成世界级观鸟胜地以及融保护、利用、研究、游览、宣传教育于一体的国家级湿地公园。
（本文照片由宁波杭州湾新区开发建设管理委员会宣传部提供）
Wetland Park in
Hangzhou Bay: Paradise of Migrant Birds
For many Chinese, Hangzhou Bay would probably remind them of the magnificent 36-kilometer-long bridge that spans the bay and connects Hangzhou and Ningbo, or of the famous tidal waves that surge in from the large trumpet-shaped estuary into the narrow Qiantang River. For many environment-conscious people, however, the bay area definitely reminds them of the Hangzhou Bay Wetland Park situated at the southern bank and on the western side of the Hangzhou Bay Bridge. According to a recent survey, the 43.5-km2 wetland is a habitat for 216 species of birds, including 13 on the list of wildlife under national protection and 9 on IUCN’s list of the endangered birds in China. The wetland is an ideal stopover place for dozens of species of migrant birds such as Dalmatian pelicans flying southward to their wintering habitats. As sea tides bring in a rich variety of food such as fish and shellfish and other creatures to the wetland, migrant birds stop there to feed before they continue their southward journey. Many stay at the wetland for the winter.
In the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), according to historical records, pelicans were frequently seen in China. Dalmatian pelicans are now on the verge of extinction in the world. In the 1980s, Dalmatian pelicans were spotted wintering in the Yangtze River Delta. However, sightings have become increasingly rarer since then. About 30 Dalmatian pelicans grace the Hangzhou Bay Wetland. It is a small population. It is said to be one of the few Dalmatian pelican groups in East Asia.
The unique geographical location and good ecological environment of the wetland at Hangzhou Bay caught the attention of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the World Bank. After several visits and field studies, GEF selected the Hangzhou Bay Wetland Center as a demonstration project for the reduction of land-based pollution sources in East Asian Seas. Hangzhou Bay Wetland serves as a model for preserving tidelands and wetlands in East Asia, a program jointly sponsored by World Bank and GEF. For the wetland project, the World Bank and GEF gave a grant of $5 million to support the 43.5-km2 wetland, a wastewater treatment project and an environmental education center.
Hangzhou Bay Wetland Centre consists of 43.5 km2, which comprises three sections, including reclaimed wetland, inter-tidal mud flats which are frequented by shore birds and ducks, and offshore sand islands. The 333.33-hectare wetland restoration project in the reclaimed land has been completed, including a 7,110-m2 Environmental Education Centre and a 63-hectare Public Demonstration Area. Officially opened on June 18, 2010, the Center plays a significant role in environmental education, promotion of low carbon living, development of ecotourism and promoting economic sustainable development and coexistence of man and nature.
The wetland is divided into four function sections for environmental education, public demonstration and tourism. The two-phase development project is to cost an investment of 552 million yuan. The first project is now under construction and aims to bring the whole wetland under effective control and restore its ecology initially. The second phase plans to start in 2013 and aims to fully restore and reestablish the ecological system across the wetland and launch a tourism development project. The wetland is scheduled to have an excellent birdwatching zone and a national wetland park for wetland preservation, science studies, and tourism.
如今，宏伟壮观的杭州湾跨海大桥飞架南北。在杭州湾跨海大桥南岸的西侧，还有这么一块淡咸水湿地，它就是总面积约43.5平方公里的宁波杭州湾湿地。
湿地又被称为“城市之肾”，它是污染物最有效的过滤器。经过几年的梳妆打扮，宁波杭州湾湿地已初具规模，不仅成为了世界级候鸟迁徙的中转站或越冬地，也成为了人类观鸟、研究鸟类迁徙的世界级湿地。
著名导演陈凯歌夫妇兴致勃勃地来到宁波杭州湾湿地，在湿地教育中心的一角，夫妇俩栽下了一棵金桂树。陈凯歌说：“这里是电影《搜索》的拍摄点之一，我们会在这里拍一段爱情戏。此地风景太美了。和西溪湿地相比，这里更辽阔，物种更丰富。”陈凯歌还说：“如果故事合适，我的下一部电影，也会考虑在这里取景。”
湿地飞来“稀客”
张先生是一位鸟儿的“粉丝”，在杭州湾湿地拍鸟已有多年，他手上的鸟儿照片少说也有数百张。一天，他去杭州湾湿地拍野鸭，突然一只只野鸭竖起了羽毛，纷纷展翅散开。一抬头，只见一个庞大的黑影在空中盘旋。他连忙按下快门拍了下来。回去细看图照，只见这只大鸟个头约有50厘米，头和肩膀很白，比之以前他拍的大鹗小些，连这位成天和鸟打交道的鸟“粉丝”也不知道这是啥鸟，难道“稀客”来了？张先生兴奋不已。
东北林业大学湿地生态学与鸟类学硕士朱冰润看了这张照片也一脸茫然。他想：鹊鹞和白腹鹞，雌鸟头部都是褐色的，而这只鸟明显是花白的。根据它头部和肩部的羽毛可以判断，这应该是白头鹞，白腹鹞尾部一般有褐色横斑，但它却没有。而白头鹞在浙江没有分布，这是第一次发现。朱冰润说：它真是“稀客”。白头鹞是国家二级保护动物，是鹰科鹞属的一种，它“喜欢男扮女装”，雄性在性成熟期，羽毛色彩漂亮看起来会像雌白头鹞。朱冰润说，白头鹞在新疆为夏候鸟或留鸟，西藏为冬候鸟。“估计这只鸟是在新疆繁殖，一路南下，本来它想飞往尼泊尔、泰国一带，不知是风力还是啥原因，落单到了宁波。”
季节一到，成千上万的候鸟就会飞到杭州湾湿地，其中就有不少“稀客”。
作为国内八大河口滨海湿地之一，广袤的杭州湾湿地为包括卷羽鹈鹕在内的数十种长途跋涉而来的候鸟提供了越冬地、中转站和食堂。潮汐会带来丰富的食物：沙蚕、甲壳纲动物、鱼类甚至水母，迁徙的候鸟在它们的旅程中会消耗大量的能量，就像F1赛车必须中途进站加油一样，再强壮的候鸟也不可能一口气飞完全程，它们必须找一个提供中途补给的地方，休息、进食补充热量、等待落单的同伴。
李时珍的《本草纲目·禽——鹈鹕》记载：“鹈鹕处处有之，水鸟也。”可见在明代，鹈鹕的数量还是很可观的。事实上，目前属于全球性濒危物种的卷羽鹈鹕在我国的数量已经非常稀少，前景堪忧。上世纪80年代，长江流域曾经有过卷羽鹈鹕的越冬记录，但由于生态环境的持续恶化，它们被人们目击的次数越来越少，在杭州湾湿地发现的这个小种群数量仅在30只左右，也可能是亚洲东部少有的一群。
世行与GEF情倾湿地
国家林业局湿地办主任马广仁是我国湿地领域的研究权威，他已经多次来到杭州湾湿地，对这里已经十分熟悉。他说，目前我国国内海边的湿地公园并不多，如海南的红树林湿地、山东的滨海湿地公园，但最有特色的还是杭州湾。杭州的西溪湿地，是第一个国家湿地公园，是一块人工湿地。而这里的杭州湾湿地既有人工的，又是自然湿地。杭州湾国家湿地公园现在规划面积共7000亩，最初的规划面积只有5000亩，后来增加的2000亩，都是滩涂。宁波杭州湾湿地就是我国一个最典型最完整的生态系统湿地，这里独有的广袤滩涂对候鸟的迁徙非常重要。
杭州湾湿地独特的地理环境和生态优势受到了全世界的关注，世界银行代表专门来到这里听取了湿地项目执行情况汇报，还参观和考察了杭州湾湿地中心。杭州湾湿地项目引起了世界银行与全球环境基金会(GEF)的高度关注，杭州湾湿地成了世界银行和GEF计划实施的“东亚海洋大生态系统污染削减项目”的第一个子项目，它将专门为东亚地区海涂湿地保护提供样板。杭州湾湿地也就成为了世界银行与全球环境基金会(GEF)基金融资的第一个项目，世界银行和GEF为该项目专门提供了500万美元的赠款，支持总面积约43.5平方公里的自然湿地和其中污水处理工程，以及一个世界级环境教育中心的建设。
打造世界一流的观鸟胜地
杭州湾湿地是我国鸟类的“天堂”。根据我国有关权威组织观测，目前杭州湾湿地已发现鸟类216种，列入国家重点保护野生动物名录的13种，列入世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）中国受威胁鸟类名录9种，其他高等植物、浮游植物、底栖动物、鱼类等生物550余种。在这里，还生长着高等植物86科281种，浮游植物192种，底栖动物56种，鱼类42种。这本身就是宁波杭州湾湿地对世界自然环境保护的重大贡献。
根据规划，杭州湾湿地共分为生态保育区、功能展示区、宣教服务区、湿地体验区四大功能区。由“长廊曼回、溪影花语、天鹅戏晖、乌篷樵风、碧沙宿鹭、蒹葭秋雪、麋鹿悠游、镜花水月、林光罨画、巢林鹬归”等自然景观组成。湿地公园规划分两期开发建设，计划总投入5.526亿元。现在正在进行的一期工程，将完成对湿地公园园区的整体规划控制和生态系统的初步恢复。从2013年开始这里将投入二期工程，它将全面实施湿地生态系统修复和重建工程，健全、完善湿地保护及生态旅游体系，未来将打造成世界级观鸟胜地以及融保护、利用、研究、游览、宣传教育于一体的国家级湿地公园。
（本文照片由宁波杭州湾新区开发建设管理委员会宣传部提供）
Wetland Park in
Hangzhou Bay: Paradise of Migrant Birds
For many Chinese, Hangzhou Bay would probably remind them of the magnificent 36-kilometer-long bridge that spans the bay and connects Hangzhou and Ningbo, or of the famous tidal waves that surge in from the large trumpet-shaped estuary into the narrow Qiantang River. For many environment-conscious people, however, the bay area definitely reminds them of the Hangzhou Bay Wetland Park situated at the southern bank and on the western side of the Hangzhou Bay Bridge. According to a recent survey, the 43.5-km2 wetland is a habitat for 216 species of birds, including 13 on the list of wildlife under national protection and 9 on IUCN’s list of the endangered birds in China. The wetland is an ideal stopover place for dozens of species of migrant birds such as Dalmatian pelicans flying southward to their wintering habitats. As sea tides bring in a rich variety of food such as fish and shellfish and other creatures to the wetland, migrant birds stop there to feed before they continue their southward journey. Many stay at the wetland for the winter.
In the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), according to historical records, pelicans were frequently seen in China. Dalmatian pelicans are now on the verge of extinction in the world. In the 1980s, Dalmatian pelicans were spotted wintering in the Yangtze River Delta. However, sightings have become increasingly rarer since then. About 30 Dalmatian pelicans grace the Hangzhou Bay Wetland. It is a small population. It is said to be one of the few Dalmatian pelican groups in East Asia.
The unique geographical location and good ecological environment of the wetland at Hangzhou Bay caught the attention of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the World Bank. After several visits and field studies, GEF selected the Hangzhou Bay Wetland Center as a demonstration project for the reduction of land-based pollution sources in East Asian Seas. Hangzhou Bay Wetland serves as a model for preserving tidelands and wetlands in East Asia, a program jointly sponsored by World Bank and GEF. For the wetland project, the World Bank and GEF gave a grant of $5 million to support the 43.5-km2 wetland, a wastewater treatment project and an environmental education center.
Hangzhou Bay Wetland Centre consists of 43.5 km2, which comprises three sections, including reclaimed wetland, inter-tidal mud flats which are frequented by shore birds and ducks, and offshore sand islands. The 333.33-hectare wetland restoration project in the reclaimed land has been completed, including a 7,110-m2 Environmental Education Centre and a 63-hectare Public Demonstration Area. Officially opened on June 18, 2010, the Center plays a significant role in environmental education, promotion of low carbon living, development of ecotourism and promoting economic sustainable development and coexistence of man and nature.
The wetland is divided into four function sections for environmental education, public demonstration and tourism. The two-phase development project is to cost an investment of 552 million yuan. The first project is now under construction and aims to bring the whole wetland under effective control and restore its ecology initially. The second phase plans to start in 2013 and aims to fully restore and reestablish the ecological system across the wetland and launch a tourism development project. The wetland is scheduled to have an excellent birdwatching zone and a national wetland park for wetland preservation, science studies, and tourism.