针对高强含能结构材料的发展现状和存在的问题，对高熵合金的特点、静态力学行为和动态力学行为的研究现状进行了总结和分析，从理论和实验两方面论述了高熵合金作为高强含能结构材料的设想、潜力和挑战。综述发现，高熵合金具有“成分设计自由”、“晶体结构简单且具有强畸变”、“强度和硬度高”等基本特点，同时高熵合金的静态力学行为和动态力学行为可以在很宽的范围内进行调节，调节方式包括工艺调整和成分设计等。以上特点表明高熵合金在可加工性、高强度和可快速氧化释能等方面具有成为高强含能结构材料的潜在优势。已有的实验结果也证实了高熵合金含能结构材料的应用潜力。提出了高熵合金含能结构材料研究面临的挑战和未来研究需要关注的重点，包括高通量实验和模拟、动态力学行为研究和大尺寸样件制备等。“,”Aiming at the development and problems of high‑strength energetic structural materials （ESMs）， the characteristics， static mechanical behaviors and dynamic mechanical behaviors of high‑entropy alloys （HEAs） were summarized and analyzed. The assumptions， potential and challenges of HEAs as high‑strength ESMs were proposed and verified from the perspective of both theoretical and experimental aspects. It was found that HEAs had the basic features of “free composition design”， “simple crystal structure with strong lattice distortion” and “high strength and hardness”. At the same time， both static and dynamic mechanical behaviors of HEAs could be adjusted in a wide range by means of process adjustment and composition design. All the above features indicated that HEAs had the potential advantages to be used as high‑strength ESMs in terms of workability， high strength， and rapid oxidation to release energy. Existing experimental results also confirmed the application potential of HEAs ESMs. Finally， the challenges faced by the research of high‑entropy alloy ESMs and the priorities of future research， such as high‑throughput experiments and simulations， researches on dynamic mechanical behaviors and preparation for large‑scale samples， were raised based on the intrinsic features of HEAs and previous experimental results.