一、概述在焊接构件上,焊接残余应力的分布是很复杂的,只用力学分析的方法难以求解,需要借助于测试来进行定量分析。测量残余应力的方法很多,最常见的有:X光衍射法、电阻应变片测试法和机械应变仪测量法。X光测定法的优点是非接触式和非破坏性测量,可以直接在工件上测量;被测量面积较小,可给出被测点的表面层应力状态;其缺点是由于工件表面层材质的差别(如焊接接头内的晶粒变化)会影响测量的准确性。电阻应变片测试方法是 I. Overview Welding components, the distribution of welding residual stress is very complicated, only the mechanical analysis of the method is difficult to solve, you need to use the test for quantitative analysis. There are many ways to measure the residual stress. The most common ones are X-ray diffraction, strain gage testing and mechanical strain gage measurement. X-ray determination of the advantages of non-contact and non-destructive measurement can be measured directly on the workpiece; the measured area is small, can give the measured surface stress state; the disadvantage is that due to the difference between the surface material of the workpiece (Such as grain changes in welded joints) can affect the accuracy of the measurements. Resistance strain gauge test method is