论文部分内容阅读
列当属为列当科中最大的属,其中多种植物作为药用,具有补肾、强身之功效。该属植物次生代谢产物丰富,含有苯乙醇苷、木脂素、萜类等成分,其主要活性物质为苯乙醇苷类。苯乙醇苷类成分在列当属中广泛存在,是一类以苯乙醇基与葡萄糖苷化后形成的含有酯键及氧苷键的天然水溶性糖苷。目前从列当属中分离得到的苯乙醇苷类化合物为24个,多具有以下特征,与苷元直接相连的中心糖为葡萄糖的单糖苷,中心葡萄糖的3位多与鼠李糖相连的二糖苷;第2个葡萄糖或木糖与中心葡萄糖的6位相连的三糖苷,在中心葡萄糖的4或6位还常连有咖啡酰基、阿魏酰基或香豆酰基等官能团。基于以上结构特点,苯乙醇苷类化合物具有广泛而显著的药理活性。现代药理研究也表明,列当属植物具有良好的抗氧化、抗菌、增强免疫及雄性激素样等作用,在临床上广泛用于肾虚、小儿腹泻、肠炎、痢疾等病症的治疗。该文综述了国内外有关列当属药用植物化学成分、生物活性以及临床应用的研究进展,为列当属药用植物的深度开发提供参考。
The column belongs to the largest genera in the family, and many of them are used for medicinal purposes. They have the effect of nourishing the kidney and strengthening the body. The genus of this genus is abundant in secondary metabolites and contains phenylethanoid glycosides, lignans, and steroids. Its main active substance is phenylethanoid glycosides. The phenylethanoid glycosides are widely distributed in the genus. They are natural water-soluble glycosides containing ester bonds and glucosidic bonds formed by glycosylation with phenylethanol groups. At present, there are 24 phenylethanoid glycosides isolated from the Genus Genus, and most of them have the following characteristics. The central sugar directly linked to the aglycon is the monoglucoside of glucose, and the 3 positions of the central glucose are linked to the rhamnose. Glycosides; the second glucose or xylose linked to the central position of the glucose at the 6-position, often with a functional group such as caffeoyl, feruloyl, or coumarin at the 4 or 6 position of the central glucose. Based on the above structural features, phenylethanoid glycoside compounds have extensive and significant pharmacological activities. Modern pharmacological studies have also shown that plants belonging to the genus have good antioxidative, antibacterial, immune-enhancing and androgen-like effects, and are widely used clinically for the treatment of kidney deficiency, pediatric diarrhea, enteritis, dysentery and other diseases. This article reviews the research progress of the chemical constituents, biological activities and clinical applications of medicinal plants listed at home and abroad, and provides references for the in-depth development of medicinal plants.