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目的了解深圳中学生对结核病知识的知晓情况及健康促进的干预效果,为制定深圳学校结核病防治策略提供科学依据。方法利用分层抽样方法随机抽取5所中学的学生开展多种教育方式相结合的防治结核病健康促进干预活动。干预前后均采取自填式问卷进行结核病知晓率调查,评价干预效果。结果总人群的核心信息总知晓率由干预前81.5%上升为85.5%。干预前仅有55.3%的学生知道发现肺结核简便有效的方法是查痰,干预后知晓率上升为80.8%;肺结核的主要传播途径的知晓率在干预后由84.8%上升为95.2%;干预前42.8%的学生知道宝安区结核病防治的定点机构名称,干预后上升为65.0%。结论经过多种宣传形式相结合的健康教育之后,学生群体对结核病知识的总体知晓情况得到普遍提升,干预效果良好;进行教育时应注意针对学生的自身特点同时加强学生向外界宣传知识的意识。
Objective To understand the knowledge of TB among middle school students in Shenzhen and the intervention effect of health promotion so as to provide a scientific basis for developing TB prevention and control strategies in Shenzhen. Methods Stratified sampling method was used to randomly select five middle school students to carry out a variety of educational methods to combat tuberculosis health promotion interventions. Self-administered questionnaires were used before and after intervention to investigate TB awareness and evaluate the effect of intervention. Results The total awareness rate of the total population increased from 81.5% before intervention to 85.5%. Before the intervention, only 55.3% of the students knew that the simple and effective method of detecting tuberculosis was sputum aspiration, the awareness rate increased to 80.8% after intervention; the awareness of the main route of transmission of tuberculosis increased from 84.8% to 95.2% after intervention; 42.8 % Of the students knew the name of designated agency for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in Bao’an District, and rose to 65.0% after intervention. Conclusion After a combination of various publicity forms of health education, the overall awareness of TB population among the student population has been generally improved and the effect of intervention has been good. During the education, attention should be paid to students ’own characteristics while strengthening students’ awareness of the publicity to the outside world.