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美国1980年推出《拜-杜法案》,将国家资助的科研项目产生的技术专利归于科研机构所有,其目的是促使科研成果更有效地转化为市场产品。这种特殊的产权形式不仅有违传统专利权逻辑,同时导致了科学共同体的产权模式的变化。深入考察这种新产权形式的产生,可以揭示后学院科学更深层次的变化:当代科学技术的复杂性和地方性,导致在将成果推向市场的过程中不得不依赖科学共同体成员的转译,从而迫使市场将一部分利益让渡给科学共同体,使其成为影响和形塑社会经济的重要力量。只有真正认清这一点,才能把握科技创新立法的核心和关键。
The United States in 1980 launched the “worship - Du Act”, the state-funded research projects generated by the technology patents attributed to scientific research institutions, its purpose is to promote scientific research more effectively into market products. This special form of property rights is not only contrary to the logic of traditional patent rights, but also led to changes in the mode of property rights of the scientific community. An in-depth examination of the emergence of this new form of property rights reveals a deeper level of change in post-college science: the sophistication and geography of contemporary science and technology have led to reliance on the translation of members of the scientific community in bringing the results to market Forcing the market to transfer part of its benefits to the scientific community and make it an important force that influences and shapes the social economy. Only by really understanding this point can we grasp the core and key of the legislation of science and technology innovation.