(一) 1959年,英国科学家和文学家C·P·斯诺在《两种文化》一书中将人类文化和承载者归结为两类:第一类以人文学家为代表,主要包括作家和社会学家;另外一类则以科学家为代表,主要是指从事科学研究的人。根据当时人文科学与技术科学相疏离甚至相互排斥的状况,他鲜明地指出“在人文学家和科学家——主要是物理学家——之间的冲突是存在的”。在对自己“两种文化”观进行了“再次审视”和思索之后,1961 (1) In 1959, the British scientist and writer CP Snow categorized human culture and carriers in the two cultures into two categories: The first category is represented by humanists, mainly including writers. And sociologists; the other category is represented by scientists, mainly people engaged in scientific research. According to the alienation and even exclusion of the humanities and technology sciences at that time, he clearly pointed out that “the conflict between humanists and scientists—mainly physicists—is existing.” After conducting a “review” and reflection on his “two cultures” concept, 1961