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众所周知,无论是公路还是铁路都不可能是一条直线,在转弯处也不能是折线,必须夹以曲线,为了减小离心力的影响等原因,曲线一般包括圆曲线和缓和曲线,我国铁路目前采用放射螺旋线作为缓和曲线。随着电子计算机技术在工程勘察设计中越来越广泛的应用,公路、铁路线路计算机辅助设计也将飞速发展.本文详述了用计算机计算带有缓和曲线的铁路、公路测点(任意长度间隔)坐标的一种方法,使用本方法编制的程序已在IBM/4341-I计算机上通过,并进行了七十多公里铁路线的试算,准确无误(l_o≠0为有缓和曲线;l_o=0则为圆曲线) 传统的测量方法是:置经纬仪于中线上用《曲线要素表》查出偏角值,将线放至地面,定出测点桩位。这种方法其坐标系统是以曲线起点为原点,切线方向为X轴,垂直于切线方向为Y轴的假定坐标系统。一般不算出大地坐标和方位角,故数模选线不能使用。下面将介绍用几何方法推出的便于编写程序的计算公式,线路走向可以是任意方向,并算出线路中线各点的大地坐标(国家统一坐标系坐标), 为自动求解测点高程提供平面位置。全部工作均可由计算机完成。
As we all know, no matter whether the road or the railway can not be a straight line, the bend can not be a broken line, it must be clipped to the curve. In order to reduce the centrifugal force and other reasons, the curve generally includes the circular curve and the relaxation curve. Helix as a relaxation curve. Along with the application of electronic computer technology in engineering survey and design, the computer aided design of highways and railway lines will also be developing rapidly.This paper details the calculation of the railway, highway measuring points (with arbitrary length intervals) Coordinates of a method, the use of this method has been prepared on the program IBM / 4341-I computer through, and carried out more than seventy kilometers of railway trial, accurate (l_o ≠ 0 for the ease of curve; l_o = 0 The traditional method of measurement is: set the theodolite on the center line with the “curve element table” to find the declination value, the line to the ground, set the measuring point pile. In this method, the coordinate system is a hypothetical coordinate system with the origin of the curve as the origin, the tangential direction as the X axis, and the tangential direction as the Y axis. Generally do not calculate the earth coordinates and azimuth, it can not be used to select the line mode. In the following, we will introduce the calculation formula that is easy to program by using the geometric method. The direction of the line can be any direction, and calculate the earth coordinate (coordinate of the national coordinate system) of each point of the line centerline to provide a plane position for automatically finding the elevation of the measuring point. All work can be done by computer.