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目的 :探讨胎儿脐静脉随胎龄变化的形态学。方法 :选取 33例 32～ 42周的新鲜脐带 ,横断取材 ,常规石蜡包埋、切片、染色、光镜观察、计算机图像定量分析。结果 :随胎龄的增长 ,脐静脉管径与中膜厚度逐渐增大 ,中膜平滑肌含量逐渐增多 ,但 40周以后呈下降态势。中膜平滑肌细胞核的数密度和面密度在 37～ 40周最大。结论 :脐静脉管壁中膜平滑肌含量与细胞核的数密度和面密度随胎龄增加而增多 ,建议选用胎龄在 37～ 40周之间的脐静脉作为移植材料。
Objective: To investigate the morphological changes of fetal umbilical vein with gestational age. Methods: Thirty-three fresh umbilical cord samples from 32 to 42 weeks were selected and transected, paraffin embedded, sectioned, stained, observed with light microscope and analyzed by computer image. Results: With the increase of gestational age, the diameter and thickness of umbilical vein gradually increased, while the content of smooth muscle in media gradually increased, but decreased after 40 weeks. The number density and areal density of the mesangial smooth muscle cells were the largest at 37-40 weeks. Conclusion: The content of smooth muscle and the density and density of nucleus in the wall of umbilical vein increase with the increase of gestational age. It is suggested that the umbilical vein with gestational age between 37 and 40 weeks be used as the graft material.