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我們可能都有过这样的经历：从疲累的日常生活中抽身，在节假日计划一场放松身心的旅行，到达目的地后却发现，心目中的“诗和远方”与想象中相去甚远：人山人海、秩序混乱、环境嘈杂、商业气息将风土人情掩盖……这些由旅游业高速发展带来的弊端，不仅使游客体验大打折扣，更直接影响了当地居民的日常生活。当“过度旅游”成为棘手的全球性问题，人们究竟该如何在发展中寻求解决方法呢？
Overtourism is not a new problem. Barcelona， in particular， is at the centre of these mounting concerns about the rapid growth of tourism in cities， especially during peak holiday periods.1 In fact， Destination Barcelona estimates that there were 30 million overnight visitors in 2017， compared to a resident population of 1，625，137.
But across southern Europe protests2 and social movements are growing in number. This has led to the formation of organisations such as the Assembly of Neighborhoods for Sustainable Tourism and the Network of Southern European Cities against tourism. They are at the forefront3 of the fight against overtourism and the impact it has on local residents.
While many tourists want to “live like a local” and have an authentic and immersive experience during their visit， the residents of many tourism-dependent destinations are seeing the unique sense of place that characterised their home towns vanish beneath a wave of souvenir shops， crowds， tour buses and rowdy bars.4 They are also suffering as local amenities and infrastructure are put under enormous strain.5
It is a truly global issue. Other destinations where overtourism has reached disruptive proportions include Palma de Mallorca， Paris， Dubrovnik， Kyoto， Berlin， Bali and Reykjavik. Recently， Thai authorities were forced to act when the number of tourists visiting Maya Bay， the beach made famous by Danny Boyle’s film The Beach，6 led to shocking environmental damage.
We define overtourism “as the excessive growth of visitors leading to overcrowding in areas where residents suffer the consequences of temporary and seasonal tourism peaks， which have enforced permanent changes to their lifestyles， access to amenities and general well-being.” The claim is that overtourism is harming the landscape， damaging beaches， putting infrastructure under enormous strain， and pricing residents out of the property market.7 It is a hugely complex issue that is often oversimplified8.
It can have an impact in multiple ways. The international cruise industry， for example， delivers thousands of passengers daily to destination ports.9 While comparatively little is returned to communities， cruise activity creates physical and visual pollution.