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目的探讨健康信念模式对社会心理因素与军团菌病预防行为的关系。方法在北京市西城区8家宾馆中随机选取从业人员440名进行问卷调查,回收问卷428份。数据处理采用Epidata3.02软件建立数据库,用SPSS13.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果通径分析方法对校正后的健康信念模式进行分析的结果表明,4个信念变量中的知觉到严重性与军团菌病预防行为的关系无统计学意义,而知觉到易感性(py7=0.108,P=0.044),知觉到益处(py9=0.178,P=0.002)和知觉到障碍(py10=-0.234,P<0.001)分别与预防行为的关系有统计学意义。社会文化因素通过4个健康信念对行为的间接影响并不大。本研究新增加的社会文化因素对行为的直接影响的结果显示,军团菌病相关知识与预防行为的关系有统计学意义(py6=0.192,P<0.001)。结论校正后的健康信念模式能成功地解释社会心理因素与军团菌病预防行为关系。
Objective To explore the relationship between psychosocial factors and prophylaxis of Legionnaires’ disease in health belief mode. Methods A total of 440 randomly selected employees from 8 hotels in Xicheng District of Beijing were surveyed, and 428 questionnaires were collected. Data processing using Epidata3.02 software to establish a database using SPSS13.0 statistical software for statistical analysis. RESULTS Pathway analysis showed that the correlation between perceived severity and prophylactic prophylaxis of Legionella in the four beliefs variables was not statistically significant, whereas perceived susceptibility (py7 = 0.108 , P = 0.044). The perceived benefit (py9 = 0.178, P = 0.002) and perceived impairment (py10 = -0.234, P <0.001) were associated with preventive behavior statistically significant. The indirect influence of social and cultural factors on behavior through 4 health beliefs is not significant. The results of the newly added socio-cultural factors in this study on the direct impact of behavior showed that the correlation between Legionnaire disease-related knowledge and preventive behavior was statistically significant (py6 = 0.192, P <0.001). Conclusion The revised model of health belief can successfully explain the relationship between psychosocial factors and prophylactic behavior of Legionnaires’ disease.