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光束漂移和光斑扩展是激光在大气湍流中传输时的两个重要效应。本文利用 CCD 成像技术在烟台地区近海面、沙滩和公路三种下垫面环境进行了准直高斯光束传输实验，测量得到了光束漂移、光斑扩展和大气折射率结构常数等实验数据，在实验数据的基础上分析不同下垫面环境下光束漂移和光斑扩展特性。分析结果表明：当大气折射率结构常数变化较小时，近海环境下光斑扩展和光束漂移的起伏幅度是三种下垫面环境中最大的，分别为 0~1.5cm 和 0~0.6cm。沙滩环境下光斑扩展的实际测量值与理论预测值的相对误差最小，均在 10%之内。公路环境下大气折射率结构常数较近海环境和沙滩环境高出 1 个数量级，光束漂移和光斑扩展的变化趋势均与大气折射率结构常数的一致。
Beam drifts and flare expansion are two important effects of laser light transmission in atmospheric turbulence. In this paper, CCD imaging technique was used to conduct collimated Gaussian beam propagation in three kinds of underlying surface such as near surface, beach and highway in Yantai, and experimental data such as beam drift, flare expansion and atmospheric refractive index structure constants were obtained. Based on the analysis of different underlying surface beam drift and flare expansion characteristics. The results show that when the structural constant of the refractive index of the atmosphere changes little, the fluctuation range of the spot spreading and the beam drift in the offshore environment is the largest among the three kinds of underlying surfaces, being 0-1.5 cm and 0-0.6 cm respectively. The relative error between the actual measured value and the theoretical predicted value of the flare expansion under the beach environment is the smallest, both within 10%. Atmospheric refractive index structure constant in highway environment is one order of magnitude higher than that in offshore environment and beach environment, and both the trend of beam drift and flare expansion are consistent with the structural constants of atmospheric refractive index.