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Abstract When dogs suffer from gastrointestinal inflammation， they will produce vomiting， diarrhea and dehydration and other symptoms， which are similar to canine distemper and canine fine. These symptoms are often confused with each other in clinic. Through the diagnosis and treatment of a case of canine gastroenteritis， this paper expounded the methods of differential diagnosis in detail， providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease in pets.
Key words Dog; Gastroenteritis; Diagnosis; Treatment
When dogs suffer from gastrointestinal inflammation， they will produce vomiting， diarrhea and dehydration and other symptoms， which are similar to canine distemper and canine fine. These symptoms are often confused with each other in the clinic[1]. Through the diagnosis and treatment of a case of canine gastroenteritis， this paper expounded the methods of differential diagnosis in detail， providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease in pets.
Introduction of the case
Schnauzer， male， 3 kg， 5 months old， suffered from depression， vomiting and diarrhea. Complains： In the first two days， the dog lay on the concrete floor though the temperature was low. It was gloomy and cold， and he might have eaten unidentified small fruits by the roadside when he went out to play. It was initially determined that it should be a cold and a mess.
Clinical examination
The dog suffered from depression， frequent vomiting， and blood in the vomit. Compared with the previous lethargy， he was soft and weak， with severe dehydration and diarrhea. He had a body temperature at 38.5 ℃， and exhibited symptoms such as excited heart sounds， accelerated breathing， dry visible mucous membrane （rhinoscope）， and enophthalmos. When touching the abdomen， it was tightened due to pain， and no foreign matter could be felt.
Blood Routine Examination
From the blood routine results， it could be seen that the red blood cells， white blood cells， and lymphocytes of the dog all decreased， and the dog suffered from slight anemia and abnormal immune system.
Detection with detecting board
Detection of canine parvovirus
The stool of the dog was taken from the anus using a cotton swab as much as possible， and mixed well with diluent. The liquid was dropped into the small hole of a test paper. The result was negative 10 min later （Fig. 1）.
The snot， tears and oral mucus of the dog were taken using a cotton swab， and mixed with diluent. The liquid was dropped into the small hole of a test paper. The result was negative 10 min later （Fig. 2）. It could be diagnosed comprehensively from clinical examination， blood routine examination， and test plate detection that the dog suffered from acute gastroenteritis. Treatment
At nine oclock on the first day， the body weight and body temperature were 3 kg and 38.2 ℃， respectively. The dog suffered from depression， lethargy and frequent vomiting with blood， and produced soft stool.
Treatment： ① Intravenous injection of 35 ml of lactated Ringers solution; ② intravenous injection of 0.9% sodium chloride （35 ml） and ampicillin sodium （0.1 g） at a rate of 20 ml/h; ③ 0.9% sodium chloride 35 ml， ATP 0.2 ml， coenzyme A 0.2 ml， vitamin B6 0.2 ml， vitamin C 0.2 ml; ④ 0.9% sodium chloride 35 ml， dicynone 0.3 ml; ⑤ intravenous injection of 5% glucose injection （35 ml） and Catosal （0.3 ml） with a total volume of 175 ml at a rate of 20 ml/h; ⑥ subcutaneous injection of 6542 （0.2 ml） （raceanisodamine hydrochloride injection）.
At nine oclock the next morning， the body temperature was 38.3 ℃. The dog vomited 5 times during the day， 5-15 ml each time， with light red blood， about 100 ml in total. He vomited for multiple times at night， and his mental state changed little. Intake of food and water was not observed. The visible mucous membrane was pale.
Treatment： ① Intravenous injection of 35 ml of lactated Ringers solution; ② intravenous injection of 0.9% sodium chloride （35 ml） and ampicillin sodium （0.1 g） at a rate of 20 ml/h; ③ 0.9% sodium chloride 35 ml， ATP 0.2 ml， coenzyme A 0.2 ml， vitamin B6 0.2 ml， vitamin C 0.2 ml; ④ 0.9% sodium chloride 35 ml， dicynone 0.3 ml; ⑤ intravenous injection of 5% glucose injection （35 ml） and Catosal （0.3 ml） with a total volume of 175 ml.
At 9 oclock on the third day， the body temperature was 38.5 ℃. Vomiting was not observed， and the stool began to take shape.
Treatment： ① Intravenous injection of 35 ml of lactated Ringers solution; ② intravenous injection of 0.9% sodium chloride （35 ml） and ampicillin sodium （0.1 g） at a rate of 20 ml/h; ③ 0.9% sodium chloride 35 ml， ATP 0.2 ml， coenzyme A 0.2 ml， vitamin B6 0.2 ml， vitamin C 0.2 ml; ④ 0.9% sodium chloride 35 ml， dicynone 0. 2 ml; ⑤ intravenous injection of 5% glucose injection （35 ml） and Catosal （0.2 ml） with a total volume of 175 ml.
At 9 oclock on the fourth day， the body temperature was 38.6 ℃. Vomiting and diarrhea were not observed. The dog had a good mental state， wanted to eat dog food and was taken out of the hospital.
Discussion
（1） Gastroenteritis occurs mainly because of improper feeding. Dogs can develop the disease in all ages， and puppies are particularly susceptible to the disease. In addition to keeping warm， puppies should eat less and have more meals， and should not eat too full. Samoyed， Huskies and Alaskan malamutes and other breeds can be fed with probiotics to condition intestinal tract[2-3]. （2） It is necessary to supplement the body fluid of diseased dogs with 5% glucose saline， to supplement amino acids and regulate waterelectrolyte metabolism and acidbase balance in dogs[4].
（3） When dogs have abdominal pain， antonding could be injected according to 0.2-0.4 ml/time. If dogs suffer from severe diarrhea， they can be administrated with smecta orally， at a dose of 1 g/time for the body weight of 2 kg or less， 1.5 g/time for the body weight of 2-5 kg， 3 g/time for the both weight of 5-20 kg， once every three days. In case of hematemesis or bloody stools， adrenochromazone can be used[5-6].
References
[1] LIN XF. Diagnose of gastroenteritis in dogs[J]. Fujian： Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine， 2008
[2] LI XW. Prevention and treatment of gastroenteritis in puppies[M]. Beijing： Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine.
[3] LIU LX. Diagnosis of canine parvovirus[M]. Shandong： Contemporary Animal Husbandry， 2012.
[4] YANG JY. Intestinal flora and healthy intestinal microecology[M]. Harbin： Heilongjiang Science & Technology Press， 1993.
[5] XU TW. Etiology analysis and integrated control of gastroenteritis in cows[J]. Technical Advisor for Animal Husbandry， 2010.
[6] YANG DC， ZHOU XF， HAN WH， et al. Diagnose of 251 case of canine parvovirus[C]//Proceedings of the first China veterinary conference， Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine，CAAV.
Key words Dog; Gastroenteritis; Diagnosis; Treatment
When dogs suffer from gastrointestinal inflammation， they will produce vomiting， diarrhea and dehydration and other symptoms， which are similar to canine distemper and canine fine. These symptoms are often confused with each other in the clinic[1]. Through the diagnosis and treatment of a case of canine gastroenteritis， this paper expounded the methods of differential diagnosis in detail， providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease in pets.
Introduction of the case
Schnauzer， male， 3 kg， 5 months old， suffered from depression， vomiting and diarrhea. Complains： In the first two days， the dog lay on the concrete floor though the temperature was low. It was gloomy and cold， and he might have eaten unidentified small fruits by the roadside when he went out to play. It was initially determined that it should be a cold and a mess.
Clinical examination
The dog suffered from depression， frequent vomiting， and blood in the vomit. Compared with the previous lethargy， he was soft and weak， with severe dehydration and diarrhea. He had a body temperature at 38.5 ℃， and exhibited symptoms such as excited heart sounds， accelerated breathing， dry visible mucous membrane （rhinoscope）， and enophthalmos. When touching the abdomen， it was tightened due to pain， and no foreign matter could be felt.
Blood Routine Examination
From the blood routine results， it could be seen that the red blood cells， white blood cells， and lymphocytes of the dog all decreased， and the dog suffered from slight anemia and abnormal immune system.
Detection with detecting board
Detection of canine parvovirus
The stool of the dog was taken from the anus using a cotton swab as much as possible， and mixed well with diluent. The liquid was dropped into the small hole of a test paper. The result was negative 10 min later （Fig. 1）.
The snot， tears and oral mucus of the dog were taken using a cotton swab， and mixed with diluent. The liquid was dropped into the small hole of a test paper. The result was negative 10 min later （Fig. 2）. It could be diagnosed comprehensively from clinical examination， blood routine examination， and test plate detection that the dog suffered from acute gastroenteritis. Treatment
At nine oclock on the first day， the body weight and body temperature were 3 kg and 38.2 ℃， respectively. The dog suffered from depression， lethargy and frequent vomiting with blood， and produced soft stool.
Treatment： ① Intravenous injection of 35 ml of lactated Ringers solution; ② intravenous injection of 0.9% sodium chloride （35 ml） and ampicillin sodium （0.1 g） at a rate of 20 ml/h; ③ 0.9% sodium chloride 35 ml， ATP 0.2 ml， coenzyme A 0.2 ml， vitamin B6 0.2 ml， vitamin C 0.2 ml; ④ 0.9% sodium chloride 35 ml， dicynone 0.3 ml; ⑤ intravenous injection of 5% glucose injection （35 ml） and Catosal （0.3 ml） with a total volume of 175 ml at a rate of 20 ml/h; ⑥ subcutaneous injection of 6542 （0.2 ml） （raceanisodamine hydrochloride injection）.
At nine oclock the next morning， the body temperature was 38.3 ℃. The dog vomited 5 times during the day， 5-15 ml each time， with light red blood， about 100 ml in total. He vomited for multiple times at night， and his mental state changed little. Intake of food and water was not observed. The visible mucous membrane was pale.
Treatment： ① Intravenous injection of 35 ml of lactated Ringers solution; ② intravenous injection of 0.9% sodium chloride （35 ml） and ampicillin sodium （0.1 g） at a rate of 20 ml/h; ③ 0.9% sodium chloride 35 ml， ATP 0.2 ml， coenzyme A 0.2 ml， vitamin B6 0.2 ml， vitamin C 0.2 ml; ④ 0.9% sodium chloride 35 ml， dicynone 0.3 ml; ⑤ intravenous injection of 5% glucose injection （35 ml） and Catosal （0.3 ml） with a total volume of 175 ml.
At 9 oclock on the third day， the body temperature was 38.5 ℃. Vomiting was not observed， and the stool began to take shape.
Treatment： ① Intravenous injection of 35 ml of lactated Ringers solution; ② intravenous injection of 0.9% sodium chloride （35 ml） and ampicillin sodium （0.1 g） at a rate of 20 ml/h; ③ 0.9% sodium chloride 35 ml， ATP 0.2 ml， coenzyme A 0.2 ml， vitamin B6 0.2 ml， vitamin C 0.2 ml; ④ 0.9% sodium chloride 35 ml， dicynone 0. 2 ml; ⑤ intravenous injection of 5% glucose injection （35 ml） and Catosal （0.2 ml） with a total volume of 175 ml.
At 9 oclock on the fourth day， the body temperature was 38.6 ℃. Vomiting and diarrhea were not observed. The dog had a good mental state， wanted to eat dog food and was taken out of the hospital.
Discussion
（1） Gastroenteritis occurs mainly because of improper feeding. Dogs can develop the disease in all ages， and puppies are particularly susceptible to the disease. In addition to keeping warm， puppies should eat less and have more meals， and should not eat too full. Samoyed， Huskies and Alaskan malamutes and other breeds can be fed with probiotics to condition intestinal tract[2-3]. （2） It is necessary to supplement the body fluid of diseased dogs with 5% glucose saline， to supplement amino acids and regulate waterelectrolyte metabolism and acidbase balance in dogs[4].
（3） When dogs have abdominal pain， antonding could be injected according to 0.2-0.4 ml/time. If dogs suffer from severe diarrhea， they can be administrated with smecta orally， at a dose of 1 g/time for the body weight of 2 kg or less， 1.5 g/time for the body weight of 2-5 kg， 3 g/time for the both weight of 5-20 kg， once every three days. In case of hematemesis or bloody stools， adrenochromazone can be used[5-6].
References
[1] LIN XF. Diagnose of gastroenteritis in dogs[J]. Fujian： Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine， 2008
[2] LI XW. Prevention and treatment of gastroenteritis in puppies[M]. Beijing： Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine.
[3] LIU LX. Diagnosis of canine parvovirus[M]. Shandong： Contemporary Animal Husbandry， 2012.
[4] YANG JY. Intestinal flora and healthy intestinal microecology[M]. Harbin： Heilongjiang Science & Technology Press， 1993.
[5] XU TW. Etiology analysis and integrated control of gastroenteritis in cows[J]. Technical Advisor for Animal Husbandry， 2010.
[6] YANG DC， ZHOU XF， HAN WH， et al. Diagnose of 251 case of canine parvovirus[C]//Proceedings of the first China veterinary conference， Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine，CAAV.