我們很了解,不同的化学元素在自然界的分布情况是極不均匀的,例如,铁和銅比金和铂較为常見,等等。研究各种岩石和矿石的化学成分已有200多年了,但是,关于地壳的平均化学成分的知識,在近年來仍有重大的意义。能够解决这一重要命題的是一門新的科学——地球化学,这门科学是20世紀初誕生的。地球化学不僅研究地球的固体外壳(所謂岩石圈),还研究液体外壳(水圈)和气体外壳(大气 We know very well that the distribution of different chemical elements in nature is extremely uneven. For example, iron and copper are more common than gold and platinum, and so on. It has been more than 200 years to study the chemical composition of various rocks and ores, but knowledge of the average chemical composition of the crust is still significant in recent years. A new science, geochemistry, that solved this important proposition, was born in the early 20th century. Geochemistry not only studies the Earth’s solid shell (the so-called lithosphere), but also the liquid shell (hydrosphere) and the gas shell (atmospheric